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Week03DataVisualisationTypes.pptx

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Data Visualisation Types Week 03 BUSMGT 708 Communicating Business Insights

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Learning outcomes:

By the end of this session you should be able to

Identify the most common types of business data visualisations

Know when to use them

This session is based on materials provided by Tableau for Teaching (created by Jeffrey A. Shaffer (Author – Big Book of Dashboards)).

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Agenda:

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Text based Data Visualisation

Commonly used Graphs & Charts

Critique this

-0.7%

Average Saving Rate NZ Households (2015)

http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/statistics/m6

1. Text

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2. Tables

http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/statistics/m6

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3. Word Cloud

encodes data using size of word to show comparisons which is difficult for making precise quantitative comparisons.

* Caution this chart type is not recommended.

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Text based Data Visualisation

Commonly used Graphs & Charts

Critique this

4. Bar Chart

encodes data using height/length of bar and shows categorical comparisons.

5. Stacked Bar Chart

encodes data using height or length of bar and color by segment and shows categorical and part-to-whole comparisons.

* Caution be careful not to slice stacked charts into too many segments.

6. Diverging Bar Chart

encodes data using height/length of bar diverging from a midpoint to show categorical comparisons.

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encodes data using height or length of bar and color by segment and shows categorical and part-to-whole comparisons.

encodes data using height/length of bar and shows categorical comparisons

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NZ Herald 1 August

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7. Line Chart

encodes data using position and often shows trend over time.

8. Histogram

encodes data using height and shows a distribution.

9. Sparkline/Sparkbar

encodes data using position (line) or height/length (bar) in a small, word-sized graphic.

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https://www.tableau.com/sites/default/files/media/which_chart_v6_final_0.pdf

Line Charts

https://www.tableau.com/sites/default/files/media/which_chart_v6_final_0.pdf

Histogram Charts

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Line (filled) Charts – Area Chart

Combined Line Charts

https://www.tableau.com/sites/default/files/media/which_chart_v6_final_0.pdf

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Sparklines

Small, high-resolution graphics embedded in a context of words, numbers, images.

Sparklines are data-intense, design-simple, word-sized graphics.

Invented by Edward Tufte

Source: https://bestmobileappawards.com/app-submission/my-cast-weather

Sparktweets

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10. Scatter Plot

encodes data using position to show the relationship between two variables. Size can also be used to show a secondary comparison.

11. Dot Plot

encodes data using position to show the comparisons.

12. Dot Plot with Jitter

encodes data using position to show comparisons but offsets points randomly to reduce overlap of dots.

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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17194105/how-can-i-color-dots-in-a-xy-scatterplot-according-to-column-value

https://www.tableau.com/sites/default/files/media/which_chart_v6_final_0.pdf

Scatter Plots

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Source: http://tabsoft.co/2u4WUyU

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13. Box and Whiskers or Box Plot (Tukey)

encodes data using position and height/length to show the distribution of the data.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_density_function#/media/File:Boxplot_vs_PDF.svg

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Box and Whiskers or Box Plot (Tukey)

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14. Bullet Graph

encodes data using length/height, position and color to show actual compared to target and performance bands.

Source: Public Domain

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullet_graph#/media/File:Bullet_graphs_multiple.png

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Bullet Graph (invented by Stephen Few)

Source: Public Domain

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullet_graph#/media/File:Bullet_graphs_multiple.png

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15. Gantt Chart

encodes data using length and position to show amount of work completed in segments of time.

16. Waterfall Chart

encodes data using height and often color to show increase and decrease between time periods or categories.

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https://www.tableau.com/learn/articles/how-to/gantt-chart

Gantt Chart

Waterfall Chart

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17. Highlight Table

encodes a data table using color to highlight the differences in the table numbers.

18. Heat Map

encodes a data table using color to highlight the differences in the table without numbers.

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https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/03/06/opinion/working-class-death-rate.html

https://www.tableau.com/sites/default/files/media/which_chart_v6_final_0.pdf

Highlighted Table

Heat Map

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19. Treemap

encodes data using size and color and is useful for hierarchical data or when there are a very large number of categories to compare.

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20. Lollipop Chart

encodes data using height or length of bar and shows categorical comparisons.

21. Slopegraph

encodes data using position to show quantitative comparison or rank, typically between two time periods.

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Slopegraph

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22. Choropleth Map (Shaded Map)

encodes data using color and position to show data geographically.

23. Symbol Map (Dot Map)

encodes data using position to show data geographically and can also use size to show quantitative data.

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Small Multiples

Invented by Edward Tufte

"Illustrations of postage-stamp size are indexed by category or a label, sequenced over time like the frames of a movie, or ordered by a quantitative variable not used in the single image itself."

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/07/20/us/drought-footprint.html

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24. Bubble Chart

encodes data using size of circle to show comparisons which is difficult for making precise quantitative comparisons.

26. Concentric Circles

encodes data using arc and area to show comparisons but problematic for many reasons.

* Caution this chart type is not recommended.

25. Donut Chart

encodes data using arc and area to show a part-to-whole comparison but problematic for many reasons.

27. Pie Chart

encodes data using angle, area and arc to show a part-to-whole comparison but problematic for many reasons.

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Don’t Use Pie Charts

If you must break Rule #1 then:

Make sure it adds up 100%

Only a few categories

Start at noon and move clockwise

Largest to Smallest Values

Add Labels for %

Avoid 3D

Keep it Simple

General Rules for Pie Charts

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https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/tomholl/2011/03/27/creating-multi-series-bubble-charts-in-excel/

https://www.tableau.com/sites/default/files/media/which_chart_v6_final_0.pdf

Bubble Charts

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Girl Scout Cookie Sales

Photo: Celine Grouard

Source: www.wired.com/magazine/2011/08/st_datagirlscoutcookies

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Pie Charts on a Map

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28. Sankey Chart

https://www.sankey-diagrams.com/where-do-sankey-diagrams-work-data-revelations/

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A sankey diagram is a visualization used to depict a flow from one set of values to another. The things being connected are called nodes and the connections are called links.

https://github.com/Financial-Times/chart-doctor/tree/main/visual-vocabulary

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Ultimate Resource:

Financial Times Visual Vocabulary: Tableau Edition

http://www.vizwiz.com/2018/07/visual-vocabulary.html

https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/andy.kriebel/viz/VisualVocabulary/VisualVocabulary

https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/kevin.flerlage/viz/TheTableauChartCatalog/TableauChartExamples

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Text based Data Visualisation

Commonly used Graphs & Charts

Critique This

Critique this:

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Source: https://eagereyes.org/criticism/march-chart-madness

Critique this:

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Critique this:

https://www.threenow.co.nz/shows/newshub-6pm/122217

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Critique this:

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Most

Least

Some

Few

Many