Group Phases Paper (KATHERINE BECKS)
Kbanks
Week01SU2018SystemsTheoryreview.pptxSystems Theory – A Review
Objects – the parts, elements, or variables that are physical, abstract or both - within the system.
Attributes – the qualities or properties of the system and its objects.
Internal relationships – Critical interaction between and among the objects.
Environment – a system exists in an environment.
A system is an organized whole made up of components that interact in a way distinct from their interaction with other entities and which endure over some period of time. There are four elements that are a part of every system:
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Physical Objects in a System
Physical
CEO
V. Pres.
COO
CFO
2
Abstract Object
Abstract
E= MC2
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Attributes – System Qualities
Wholeness and Interdependence
Hierarchy
Self Regulation and Control
Interchange with the Environment
Balance
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Wholeness
A system is a unique whole & is more than its parts
Systems have a unique patterns of relationship between their parts
Any part of the system is constrained by the dependence on other object parts.
The pattern of interdependence organizes the system itself.
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Interdependence
Interdependence between system variables is expressed as a series of associations or correlations.
Correlations include two or more variables that change together
Correlations can be strong or weak
Correlations in larger systems have more variables and can vary in strength
One variable can cause another variable to change – this is causality.
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Direct Causality
Linear Causality – traditionally is seen as a one way interaction, e.g. variable A –power- causes variable B – giving in.
Systems Causality – perceives that causality is a two way interaction, e.g. Variable A and variable B influence each other.
| A | B | C |
power
Back down
More power
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Indirect Causality
Variables can be associated indirectly
Two variables are correlated but do not cause each other directly.
They are caused by a third variable
Example:
School performance and homework could be correlated with parents spending more time with their children.
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Chain of Influence
Chain of influence is a more complex form of relationship.
E.G. Variable A causes B. which causes C, which causes D, which causes E, which causes A. Causal Ring system causality.
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Hierarchy
Systems tend to be embedded into one another, i.e. one system is part of another larger system.
Larger system is Suprasystem, the smaller contained within a system is a subsystem.
To understand any system you have to look outside of the system and inside the system. (Janus effect).
Where a system ends and its environment begins is arbitrary and is determined by the observer.
LU
MHSP
Faculty
Students
faculty
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Self Regulation and Control
Many systems are goal oriented.
Many systems regulate their behavior to reach their aims.
Parts of system must behave in certain ways
Parts respond to feedback
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Change and Adaptability
Systems need to be flexible because they exist in a dynamic environment.
Systems need to be balanced – homeostasis – but they need to change.
Change can be structural
Adjusting to environmental pressures is called morphogenesis.
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Equifinality
Equifinality means that a particular final state may be accomplished in different ways and from different starting points.
Can process inputs in different ways to produce its outputs
If a pathway fails another can develop to take its place.
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Interchange with the Environment
Open systems interact with environment.
Take in and let out matter and energy – inputs and outputs.
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Balance
Balance is referred to as homeostasis is a form of self maintenance.
Systems need to determine when they are off kilter, if not they will self destruct.
System have a need for balance and that is why there always seems to be a pull in the opposite direction to a major force.
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Two Types of Systems
Closed System – has no interaction with its environment.
Moves toward internal chaos, disintegration, death.
Usually applied to physical systems, like stars.
Open system – has interaction with its environment
Receives & passes matter and energy from/to environment.
Moves to life & growth
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The Group As a System
Anderson Chapter 6
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Types of Groups
Growth Groups – Human Potential Groups
Therapeutic Groups or Remedial Groups
Supportive treatment groups
Interpersonal growth groups
Intrapsychic growth groups
Self-Help and Support Groups
Consciousness-raising & Social Action Groups
Task Groups
Cliques & Coalitions
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Dimensions of Groups
Instrumental Versus Expressive
Primary versus Secondary
Narcissistic versus Generative
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Aspects of Group As System
Evolutionary aspects
Steady State
Norm Consensus
Goals Direction
Stages of Evolution
Structural Aspects
Boundary & Autonomy
Differentiation, Hierarchy, and Role
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Aspects of Group As System – Cont.
Behavioral Aspects
Adaptation
Specialization
Social Control and social Conflict
Communication
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