Week 4 Assignment: Journal

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Week 4 Assignment: Journal

Student Name

Institutional Affiliation

Instructor

Course

Due Date

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Week 4 Assignment: Journal

Inferences

Briefly explain how connotations of "warranted" and "valid" and the lexical definitions

can assist us to comprehend the different purposes of inductive and deductive arguments.

Valid means the reality or justification is founded on logic or reason. According to set

terms and conditions, a Valid may also refer to a manner of using something. On the other hand,

it is possible that when anything is warranted, it will be approved. Warranted can also mean that

official authority to do anything is given (Salmon, 2015). If something is being done as needed,

these two terms are ways of learning. The approaches, however, have distinct views. Inductive

and deductive arguments, similarly, are some of the ways to think more about the given global

truths. Both are applied to deal with issues in the real world; they are important and applied in

criminology, for instance, to assess whoever conducted the criminal act and how the crime was

done. However, usually, they are distinct in this way, while deductive arguments begin with an

assertion or a theory that is then to be tested to determine its validity; inductive argument starts

with the observations and later shifts back to hypotheses and theories. Deduction transfers from

an idea to observing, while induction changes from observation to a concept (Salmon, 2015).

Deductive arguments, in reality, have undeniable findings based on the belief that assumptions

are valid. Considering the other side, inductive arguments possess a certain degree of likelihood

on the basis of the force of arguments and proof supporting the given arguments.

The Fallacies

Using your own words, discuss the way fallacy is shown by analyzing a valid argument

template.

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I decided to choose this given fallacy, “If we see a light in the window, we know that

there is someone at home. But we do not see a light in the window. So, no one is home.”

The Template Of The Argument

Premise 1: If A, then B. Premise

Premise 2: Not A

Conclusion: Therefore not

Hence:

Premise 1: If we happen to spot light through the window, we understand that there is somebody

in the house.

Premise 2: We do not have a glimpse of light in the window.

Conclusion: There is no person in the house

Making this inference, according to Gittens & Facione (2016), it means undertaking the

fallacy by ignoring the antecedent. This shows that it does not follow that since we cannot spot

the light through the window, then it means no person is in the house. The reason being when

somebody is at home, there are many explanations why lights can be switched off. For instance,

one may have the lights off as they go to sleep, a power problem may occur, and among others,

the lighting material may be destroyed. Hence, it makes no good judgment to believe that anyone

should not be at home simply because the light is off.

Civic Mandate/Responsibility

According to your own judgment is completing the exercise time wasted or time used well?

If it is a wastage of time, why? If it is time well spent give reasons.

Yes, it will be time well spent doing such an exercise. Evaluating a discussion contributes

to a deeper understanding of a subject. A topic such as this entails critical questions that would be

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considered at a profound level on both sides. Carrying out such analysis and research should

assist someone to consider the problem from various viewpoints or perspectives. Comprehension

of multiple viewpoints may accelerate agreement on a controversial matter.

Are there issues that you believe a substantial amount of effort and time would be worth

the exercise?

I suggest that no other operation can obtain the value derived from such research and

study. This form of analysis helps a person to examine how an argument was built from all sides,

i.e. how the disagreeing parties have come to believe and hold true what they think about the

focused problem. Comprehending how each side argues and shows their basic narrative

(Newman, 2019). This allows us to understand how moral claims are constructed for political

and social debates such as this debate.

As a person who is able to analyze things critically, do you think that people have a right to

be informed and updated on issues or topics of present interest? If yes, what is the reason?

If no, justify.

In my opinion, I agree that people ought to be aware of current topics or issues of

interest. Ensuring people are aware of current affairs, according to Newman (2019), encourages

them to make contributions to the topics. Doing so strengthens classical thought's fundamental

virtues, such as fairness, temperance, bravery, and intelligence, which better serve the

community. Every time people are tolerant, self-disciplined, as well as committed to the common

good or betterment, a community will work better. When they are well-informed, people serve

their civic position better, which increases their participation and exposes them to viewpoints and

concepts that are distinct other than their ideas and viewpoints.

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References

Facione, P. A., Gittens, C. A., & Facione, N. C. (2016). Think critically. Pearson.

Newman, D. (2019). The Noisy Classroom: Developing Debate and Critical Oracy in Schools.

Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351020220

Salmon, M. H. (2015). Introduction to logic and critical thinking. Cengage Learning.

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