Question

Week 3 Outline

• Recap of Week 2

• Concept of Health

• Defining health promotion

• Approaches to health promotion

• Theories and models of health promotion

• Preparation for Assignment 1

• Capacity Building: means for effective and sustainable Programs for community

• Community capacity: interaction, function, opportunity • Community Capacity Building: approach, process,

benefits • Challenges of working with communities

Recap of Module 1 – Week 2

A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1948)

Concept of Health

• An approach to life

• Rather than focusing on illness or specific parts of the body, this approach to health considers the whole person and how he or she interacts with his or her environment.

• Emphasises the connection of mind, body, and spirit.

Meaning of Holistic Health

What are the implications of applying holistic model of health in health promotion practice?

The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health.

To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment.

Ottawa Charter ,WHO (1986)

Health Promotion

1. Involves population as a whole (Equitable)

2. Toward action on determinants of health (Holistic)

3. Combines diverse approaches (Inter-sectorial)

4. Aim at public participation (Participation)

5. Health professional have enabling role (Empowerment)

WHO Principles of Health Promotion

The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, WHO 1986

• Bio-medical

• Behaviour change

• Educational

• Empowerment

• Social change

• Ecological

• Lifespan

Approaches to Health Promotion

Upstream and Downstream

The Health Hub, 2020: https://www.thecommonwealth-healthhub.net/prevention/Nurse key, 2017: https://nursekey.com/primary-health-care/

www.ci.richmond.ca.us/2575/Health-in-All-Policies-HiAP.:

• A set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of events or situations by specifying relations among variables, in order to explain and predict the events or situations. The notion of generality, or broad application, is important, as is testability.

Van Ryn & Heaney (1992)

• A formal theory—more an ideal than a reality—is a completely closed, deductive system of propositions that identifies the interrelationships among the concepts and is a systematic view of the phenomena.

Kerlinger, (1986) &Blalock (1969)

What is Theory?

• Defining the problem

• Planning a solution

• Mobilising resources

• Implementing the program

• Evaluating health Promotion Programme

Use of Theory in Health Promotion

Categories of Health Promotion theories

• Transtheoretical Model

• Health Belief Model

• Health Action Model

Health Promotion Models

• Precontemplation: Not considering change

• Contemplation: Considering change

• Determination: Decide on change

• Action: Actively change

• Maintenance: Sustain change

• Relapse: Return to pre-change behaviour

Transtheoretical Model

Health Belief Model

Health Action Model

Lifestyle change for preventing obesity

• Which Health Promotion Model would you choose?

• Provide reasons why you would prefer that particular model.

• Is it a useful model to guide your practice with individual?

• What health promotion activities could you incorporate into each

stage that would facilitate this person moving on to the next stage?

Question for Reflection

Compare advantage and disadvantage:

• Transtheoretical Model

• Health Belief Model

• Health Action Model

Question for Reflection

Epidemiological Model

NITHA, 2020 http://www.nitha.com/epidemiology/

Social Model of Health

Five key principles

• Address the broader determinants of health

• Reduce social inequity

• Empower individuals and communities

• Access to health care

• Inter-sectorial collaboration

WHO Social Determinants Framework

Assignment 1 preparation: Part 1-2

Part 1: • Identify a preventable health concern of your interest

such as dengue fever, hypertension or type 2 diabetes.

• Describe three key strategies that you might use to engage with a community to implement a program by using Laverack’s ladder of community-based interaction.

Part 2: • Discuss how you could use the core domains of

capacity building identified by Liberato et al (2011) to support the journey to community empowerment and ownership of your prevention program.

Part 3: • Describe the models and approaches of health promotion that

you would use to motivate and educate the community about your chosen health concern,

• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each model/approach.

Assignment 1 preparation: Part 3

Check the assessment criteria before submission

•What will we explore next…. •Module 2: Communicating with Communities •Week 4: Communication strategies, focus on:

• Health communication strategies

• Health promotion & social marketing

Tips for a great progress (and eventually a high grade)

• Review week 3 available in Lecture Hall

• Keep working on assignment 1

• Contact me via email/ Blackboard if any questions or consultation needed

• Complete the reading and view videos for next week

Next week