Reading and Writing
EK17
Week-10WorldSupremacy.pptxWorld Supremacy
Mass Politics and Imperial Domination
Demands for Democracy
During the 1870s and 1880s democracy became replete in Europe and with it grew the number of voters
Three significant developments became entwined with demands for democracy.
Public Education
Popular Journalism
Political Campaigns
Public Education
many governments established systems of free education.
provide citizens with skills and discipline
create more patriotic citizens
Popular Journalism
newspapers became cheaper and more influential
Used attention grabbing headlines and columns
Catered to newly educated people who craved news.
Political Campaigns
mass politics = catering towards the new voters
campaigning became a necessary thing to survive in a democratic gov’t.
rallies, census bureaus, & speeches
Liberal Democracy in the West
Great Britain began the second half of the nineteenth century in a strong, stable position.
Liberalism = stressing little governmental involvement in economic and social affairs
low taxes
free trade
public education
Two-Party Democracy
Tory Party – Conservatives
- led by Benjamin Disraeli
- Queen Victoria adored him
Whig Party – Liberal
- led by William Gladstone
- Queen Victoria disliked him
The Reform Bill of 1867
Extended the vote to male “heads of households.”
Large number of male working-class voters added to the electorate.
aided labour unions through laws
Voters increased about one million
William Gladstone
1868-1874 and 1880-1886
Education Act 1870
Ballot Act of 1872
Irish Home Rule
Reform Bill of 1884
Benjamin Disraeli
1874-1880
Conservative Social Reform
Public Health Act of 1875
Artisan Dwelling Act of 1875
Politics of the Extremes
Political Spectrum widened in the late nineteenth century.
Extreme Left: stood unions, socialists, and anarchists.
Extreme Right: were conservative ultra-nationalists and anti-semites
Women: still outside the political specter but posing a voice across Europe.
The Labor Force
Industrial expansion wrought further changes in the life of the labor force.
By 1890, factory wage earners dominated the work force.
unskilled work
New Ideology
Post 1848, workers found a new way to voice their concerns.
Trade Unions
Democratic Political Parties
Socialism
Trade Unions
Organized labor would unify to protect workers rights.
British Labour Party
Salaries, Hours, and Benefits
Democratic Process
Most European States had developed a democratic system by the late 19th century.
Voting Rights - expansion of the electorate.
Workers now had a voice in the government - social and cultural shift.
Systems at Work
Great Britain - 2nd Great Reform Bill 1867 and the 3rd in 1884
Germany - Bismarck brought universal male suffrage in 1871
France - 3rd Republic was democratically elected.
Laborers became the target to the system because they could vote.
Marxism Revisited
What made Marxism so attractive was how accurately he predicted the disintegration of capitalism
First International 1864 - 1876
Paris Commune 1871-73
Marxism was a “scientific socialism”
Fabianism
Non-Marxist British Socialism
Founded in 1884 and named for a Roman General who fought in the Punic Wars.
Taft Valle Act - 1901 which help create the Labour Party.
Early Welfare Programs
New Imperialism
Invest capital in a less industrialized country.
- railroads, bridges, harbors, etc
The “Spheres of Influence”
- Heart of Darkness J. Conrad
The British Empire
Motives for New Imperialism
Various Interpretations
Economics
Cultural, Religious, and Social
Political - The Scramble for Africa
Causes of Imperialism
Search for markets and raw materials.
Missionaries
Military and naval bases
Ideology - Social Darwinism
Joseph Conrad
•1857 - 1924
•Born in the Polish Ukraine.
•Did not learn English till he was 21.
Heart of Darkness -1902
A nation’s policy of exerting influence over other areas through military, political, and economic coercion.
Imperialism vs. Civilization
Imperialism
The ‘Dark’ Side
The story opens with a group of men aboard The Nellie, sailing down the Thames in England.
Narrator - unknown crewman
Marlow - main character who begins to tell his story as the sun sets.
The “Hollow” Men
Brussels - referred to as the Whited Sepulcher throughout the story.
We only see what we want to see
Marlow’s journey was less about his sea adventure and more about a self-discovery through the transformation of Kurtz.
Allegory of Imperialism
How does Marlow refer to European’s concept of Imperialism?
What coincides with this thought process?
White Man’s Burden
What exactly is the “White Man’s Burden” ? How did it come about and what did it forecast?
Questions???
How does the race for Africa in the 1880s foreshadow the events of World War I?
Did any good come from Imperialism?
Next Week
Explain how the events that occurred at the end of the 19th century were symptoms of the First World War.
