proposal

Abstract

This research's main purpose is to analyze the cost incurred for the nitrate contamination in the drinking water. The study focuses on the detail investigation for the health effect because of contact of nitrates in the underground reserves at “San Joaquin Valley”. This report provides detail information about the far-reaching effect of this contamination on the environmental well-being and economic vitality. The major effect of this issue is one of the low-income populations and Spanish oriented residents. San Joaquin Valley is highly contaminated due to the existence of nitrate. It is observed that most of the Californian” always take it forgiven the potable water is easily accessible. San Joaquin Valley has many communicates and agriculture areas. This nitrate contamination has a strong impact on drinking water as well as agriculture land. It is also observed that the drinking water which is served in the homes and schools is also highly contaminated. This contamination has an adverse impact on the overall health of the population in San Joaquin Valley. At the same time, it will also affect the environment along with agriculture. The nitrate contamination is very high as it leads to bring lots of problems for the infants as well as the older population. The focus of this research is to develop the clean water by using the method of cleaning nitrate contamination the results from each method will be analyzed in order to provide the most relevant method.

Introduction

My main interest in research is in “Environmental Engineering”. The reason behind the selection of this field is my interest, i want to provide my services in order to make the planet batter. There are many issues faced by the earth which are still not investigated. Water is one of the basic needs of people. But it is also the fact that many people are getting water even for their drinking purpose. A research conducted by Pacific Institute” titled “The Human Costs of Nitrate-Contaminated Drinking Water in San Joaquin Valley” provides several evidences for the nitrate contaminations in the consumable water. Alone in San Joaquin Valley, 63% of the individuals are not getting water for drinking purposes. The groundwater in San Joaquin Valley is extensively contaminated with nitrate. During recent times, most of the world has been subjected to contaminated drinking water. According to the research contrite by Harter that 63% of the water in the valley is not acceptable for the drinking. The water is not usable for drinking purposes as it containsa large amount of “Pesticides, Arsenic, Nitrate, and Uranium”. At the same time, the communities using this water are also facing lots of health issues.

The nitrate has been developed from the nitrogen compound which is excreted from the industries. Nowadays, industrial waste is one of the common issues faced by the environment. As the airborne nitrogen is given off from the industries as well as the automobile it leads to cause lots of damage for the land and water. The non-agriculture source of the nitrate is “nitrate plus nitrate. The existence of the nitrate is calculated by using the sensor. Practically the small amount of nitrate in the surface water is always neglected as it has no negative effect.

Location and Satellite Map:

Source: Data from U.S. Geological Survey

Problem Statement

San Joaquin Valley of California is considered among the highly contaminated area where drinking water is contaminated with nitrate. The public water system is highly contaminated by the nitrogen which leads to cause lots of issues. The public water or groundwater has the reader to the “Maximum Contamination Level” violations. The common contamination in the drinking water includes the “nitrate, arsenic, coliform, bacteria, pesticides disinfectants by-products and uranium”. The contamination in the water of San Joaquin Valley is equal in every area. The contamination can be found everywhere in the valley. The effect of this contamination is adverse for the 1.36 million residents of the valley. It ai also a fact that the people or communities in this area 100% relied on the tainted groundwater.

Methodology

There are several technologies that have been used in order to remove the nitrate from the water where the contamination is high. The most effectively used method is the “Ion Exchange” method and “Reverse Osmosis”. Along with the method, another important method that is used is “Potable and Non-Potable application” is “biological Remediation”. There are several systems that have been used in California based ona conditional use for the treatment of drinking water from nitrate contamination.

1.1 Ion Exchange Method

The ion exchange method is extensively used method for the treatment of nitrate contamination in the drinking water. It is a simple and robust process that is used by the automated implication of the ion exchange. It can remove the nitrate ions during the aqueous phase while passing the water through the bed of “ion exchange resin”. As the drinking water which is contaminated pass thought the resin, the ions of nitrate can be exchanged with the other ions. Mostly the exchange is with the chloride ions in the resin. At this stage salt solution issued for the ion exchange resin. It also generates the “brine waste stream” at this stage. Evoqua can provide “on-site and off-site” regenerable ion exchange system for the removal of nitrate each of the application of the process is used to determine the best system configuration that can be used in future. If the site can discharge the brine line it might be the best process to use for the excellent treatment of the water.

1.2 Reverse Osmosis

The reverse osmosis method is used as a "semi-permeable membrane" to remove most polluted inorganic from the air. In order to conduct that process, the pressure has been applied to the water in order to force the water thought the members. This leaves the impurities behind as the water passes from the membrane. Membrane had no liquid impurities, so selective corrosion can be effectively removed. That is the reason the RO process is very effective for the contamination including nitrate. It is evident from the investigation of this process that it can remove 85 to 95% of the nitrate from the contaminated water.

1.3 Biological Removal of Nitrate

Another important process for the removal of the contamination is “biological removal of nitrate”. This process is based on new technology in which the bacteria are used for the removal of the contamination from the drinking water. It can also emit nitrates as a gas in the form of ammonia. This biological reduction of gas from water is based on the natural process. The biological remediation is the process in which the waste can be easily altered as well as the cost of the other process is also lower. The Evoqua system also uses less chemical addition for water production as well as lower level of operational cost.

Data Plan

As demonstrated by the USGS, the collection of data for this work will be drawn from the company "USGS" from 2003 to 2017 as given in the table below. The data shows that the concentration of Nitrates increase from 23.1 mg/L to 105 mg/L (about 76%) with passage of time as calculated that nitrate surpassed historical levels. As per data from the US Geological Survey, rural and urban areas have nitrate levels above MCL (10 mg/L). In public supply, concentrations exceeding the MCL were less common. Numerous regions in California have high soil nitrate concentration levels such as the San Joaquin Valley Basin, Santa Ana Valley, and Salinas basins.

Concentration of Nitrates with the Passage of years

Bar Chart Comparison

Expected Results and Conclusion

This study is to evaluate the contamination of potable water (Water nitrates). Results show that Latinos can be significantly subjected to greater levels of nitrates about 76 % from 2003 to 2007 in the San Joaquin Valley and that this sensitivity is especially prevalent to smaller water supplies. Through increased use of nitrogen-based fertilizers and rising groundwater production, these patterns are expected to deteriorate in future years. The above research highlights the importance of addressing grants over MCL for reduction and source water protection efforts for underprivileged and nitrate-level communities. In addition, resources are needed to better control the quality of the water and establish preventative prevention for societies with levels of nitrate greater than MCL/2.

Change in Nitrates (2003-2017)

42291 42381 42467 42560 42874 42926 43028 37631 38373 39401 39494 39735 39828 39920 40094 40498 40826 41199 41569 41990 42129 25.3 23.1 27 25.9 24.9 29.5 26.9 80 86 83 84 89 76 92 99 95.2 65.599999999999994 92.5 91.6 104 105

Years

Concentration of Nitrates (mg/L)

42291 42381 42467 42560 42874 42926 43028 37631 38373 39401 39494 39735 39828 39920 40094 40498 40826 41199 41569 41990 42129 25.3 23.1 27 25.9 24.9 29.5 26.9 80 86 83 84 89 76 92 99 95.2 65.599999999999994 92.5 91.6 104 105

Time in Year

Nitrate Contamination in (mg/L)

ASSIGNED_NSAMP_DATESAMP_TIMELAB_NUMANADATEINDATEMETHODINBYSPECIALSTORE_NUMCHEMICAL_NAMEXMODFINDINGUNITS

5400507-00110/13/2015 0:00930586710/14/2015 0:0010/22/2015 0:00300 S618NITRATE (AS N) 25.3MG/L

5400507-0011/11/2016 0:00132058671/12/2016 0:001/20/2016 0:00300 S618NITRATE (AS N) 23.1MG/L

5400507-0014/6/2016 0:00154558674/7/2016 0:004/12/2016 0:00E300.0 S618NITRATE (AS N) 27MG/L

5400507-0017/7/2016 0:0091058677/9/2016 0:007/18/2016 0:00E300.0 S618NITRATE (AS N) 25.9MG/L

5400507-0015/18/2017 0:00152058675/19/2017 0:005/30/2017 0:00E300.0 S618NITRATE (AS N) 24.9MG/L

5400507-0017/7/2017 0:00100558677/10/2017 0:007/18/2017 0:00E300.0 S618NITRATE (AS N) 29.5MG/L

5400507-00110/19/2017 0:001515586710/20/2017 0:0011/3/2017 0:00E300.0 S618NITRATE (AS N) 26.9MG/L

5400507-0011/9/2003 0:00120058021/10/2003 0:001/21/2003 0:00 AS71850NITRATE (AS NO3) 80MG/L

5400507-0011/20/2005 0:00132058101/21/2005 0:002/8/2005 0:00 BS71850NITRATE (AS NO3) 86MG/L

5400507-00111/8/2007 0:001345580211/15/2007 0:0012/14/2007 0:00 AS71850NITRATE (AS NO3) 83MG/L

5400507-0012/15/2008 0:00111058022/16/2008 0:0011/25/2008 0:00 A 71850NITRATE (AS NO3) 84MG/L

5400507-00110/13/2008 0:001440580210/14/2008 0:0011/25/2008 0:00 A 71850NITRATE (AS NO3) 89MG/L

5400507-0011/12/2009 0:00150058021/15/2009 0:003/13/2009 0:00 A 71850NITRATE (AS NO3) 76MG/L

5400507-0014/16/2009 0:00130058024/17/2009 0:009/17/2009 0:00 A 71850NITRATE (AS NO3) 92MG/L

5400507-00110/5/2009 0:001300580210/8/2009 0:0012/2/2009 0:00 A 71850NITRATE (AS NO3) 99MG/L

5400507-00111/8/2010 0:001315586711/16/2010 0:0012/2/2010 0:00 S71850NITRATE (AS NO3) 95.2MG/L

5400507-00110/4/2011 0:001312586710/10/2011 0:0010/19/2011 0:00 S71850NITRATE (AS NO3) 65.6MG/L

5400507-00110/15/2012 0:001400586710/17/2012 0:0011/24/2012 0:00 S71850NITRATE (AS NO3) 92.5MG/L

5400507-00110/21/2013 0:001100586710/22/2013 0:0011/19/2013 0:00 S71850NITRATE (AS NO3) 91.6MG/L

5400507-00112/16/2014 0:00945586712/17/2014 0:001/12/2015 0:00 S71850NITRATE (AS NO3) 104MG/L

5400507-0015/4/2015 0:00100058675/5/2015 0:006/12/2015 0:00 S71850NITRATE (AS NO3) 105MG/L