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Wang_Outlinewithcomments1.docx1
Running head: OUTLINE
OUTLINE 1
Comment by Kiersten W.: There is no longer a running head for student papers in APA 7th ed., and your page number should be in the same font type and size as the remainder of your paper.
Outline Comment by Kiersten W.: This information should all be on its own page – the Title/Cover page. The title should be the first line and it should be bolded. You're also missing information: University name, Course title, and course professor (Dr. Susan Davis). Everything should also be double-spaced; there shouldn't be individual lines between line of text.
PSY471
Qi Wang Comment by Susan Davis: THE BIGGEST PROBLEM, QI, IS “WHERE IS THE ZEITGEIST?” You need to add at least one section where you will be discussing zeitgeist effects on the phenomenon of ANIMAL BEHAVIOR AS RELATED TO INDICATIONS OF INTELLIGENCE! Look at the instructions I gave your for writing the outline. I have attached them to your Isidore assignment return. For example: why were psychologists concerned with animal behavior, anyway? What social, cultural, scientific influences lead to psychology’s study of animal behavior? Present grade: 20 out of 30. Most, if not all, of these points will be returned with revisions to your outline. Please revise and resubmit to me by email by Friday, March 27, midnight. Please let me know of any questions, Qi!
February 20, 2020
The role of advanced intelligence in improving causal reasoning abilities in birds.
Introduction:
· The ability of birds to act as information flexible is one of their cornerstones that is the proof of their intelligent behavior. Comment by Susan Davis: Every statement you make must have a citation with it.
· These cognitive skills are not limited to tool-using animals but it is also found in birds that have a high level of curiosity, manipulation, object explanation, and extractive foraging behavior. In this paper, these abilities in birds are discussed through the experimentation results of crows and rooks (SJ, 2014 ). Comment by Kiersten W.: This citation is wrong and is not a citation. And I'm not sure why all of your citations are highlighted grey.
Experimentation on crow:
· The use of innovative and creative problem-solving tools has always been a sign of advanced intelligence due to the presence of causal reasoning abilities.
· In this study, it is aimed to evaluate what minimum information that animals need to solve a problem.
· Crow is used in this study to test their ability to how they solve the problem.
· An experiment is designed in which food is placed in an empty box that is full of liquid and stones are left outside the box (Von Bayern & Kacelnik, 2009). Comment by Kiersten W.: This citation is also incorrect.
· The findings of this study show that adopt innovative behavior to get the food by using the things that are present in the environment.
Experimentation on Rook. Comment by Susan Davis: Who did the experiment and what was it trying to support/ What theory?
· In this experiment, the presence of advanced physical cognitive skills is tested.
· Rooks are capable of solving the problem with the help of sophisticated tools.
· The experiment showed how the rook modify the wire and use a series of tools in sequence to get the reward of food (Bird & Emery, 2009)
· As this bird is a habitual tool user so they know how to use them for their purpose.
· The results of the experiment show the presence of cognitive skills and with the help of adaptive specialization, they show a strong relationship between wild tool use and physical intelligence.
Conclusion: Comment by Susan Davis: So, what has this to do with psychology?
· The findings of both experiments show that birds are intelligent and innovative as well because they know how to use their skill to better adapt to the environment.
Comment by Kiersten W.: If you're going to use a citation machine, make sure your citations are correctly formatted. The comments below apply to all of your APA formatting.
References Bird, C. D., & Emery, N. J. (2009). Insightful problem solving and creative tool modification by captive non-tool-using rooks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(25), 10370-10375. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0901008106 Von Bayern, A. M., Heathcote, R. J., Rutz, C., & Kacelnik, A. (2009). The role of experience in problem solving and innovative tool use in crows. Current Biology, 19(22), 1965-1968. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.10.037 Shettleworth, S. J. (2010). Clever animals and killjoy explanations in comparative psychology. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14(11), 477-481. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2010.07.002
