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Introduction:

· The ability of birds to act as information flexible is one of their cornerstones that is the proof of their intelligent behavior (Bird & Emery, 2009).

· This is shown by tool-oriented behavior of birds that show how non – human animals under this means-ended relations, along with object affordance that highlights the presence of motor skills.

· These cognitive skills are not limited to tool-using animals but it is also found in birds that have a high level of curiosity, manipulation, object explanation, and extractive foraging behavior. In this paper, these abilities in birds are discussed through the experimentation results of crows and rooks (Shettleworth, 2014).

Role of zeitgeist effects on the phenomenon of animal behavior as related to indications of intelligence:

· Zeitgeist is defined as a cultural and intellectual climate spirit of a time. It means that certain discoveries of science can be discarded ad shunned because it is the need of the time might be, as the people are not willing to accept it. Hence, the scientific discovery is considered as fail. If the zeitgeist does not favor this experimentation (Anne Marthe van der Bles, 2017).

· Animal behavior is important to studied because it reflects on human behavior. It is the most exciting and dynamic area in science. Through animal behavior it is studied that how animal react socially with their environment to achieve cognitive understanding of its environment (Amiot, 2014).

· Animal behavior is important to study because it reflects how a living being reacts to their environment as it is also a product of motor and computational activity that is related to specific circuit. It is also the study of cognitive functions such as memory, learning and decision making of the brain.

· Through the study of animal behavior, the indication of intelligence in animals are explored of how they use their brains function to solve problems when they are subjected to some challenges (Anne Marthe van der Bles, 2017).

· . Under the zeitgeist effect these experimentations are rejected because it is beyond the acceptance of mind.

Experimentation on crow:

· The use of innovative and creative problem-solving tools has always been a sign of advanced intelligence due to the presence of causal reasoning abilities.

· In this study, it is aimed to evaluate what minimum information that animals need to solve a problem.

· Crow is used in this study to test their ability to how they solve the problem.

· An experiment is designed in which food is placed in an empty box that is full of liquid and stones are left outside the box. (Von Bayern & Kacelnik, 2009).

· The findings of this study show that adopt innovative behavior to get the food by using the things that are present in the environment.

Christopher D. Bird, Experimentation on Rook.

· In this experiment, the presence of advanced physical cognitive skills is tested on rooks that are a member of corvid family. They are not capable of insightful problem solving but use verity of tools to gain a reward. Thus, the point that the Christopher D. Bird proved in this paper is that, this specie does not use tools to revive their habitats like chimpanzees and new Caledonian crows does. The ability that rooks shows in this experimentation shows that how general cognitive capacity builds relationship between physical intelligence and wild tool use.

· Rooks are capable of solving the problem with the help of sophisticated tools.

· The experiment showed how the rook modify the wire and use a series of tools in sequence to get the reward of food (Christopher D. Bird, 2009)

· As this bird is a habitual tool user so they know how to use them for their purpose.

· The results of the experiment show the presence of cognitive skills and with the help of adaptive specialization, they show a strong relationship between wild tool use and physical intelligence.

Conclusion:

· The findings of both experiments show that birds are intelligent and innovative as well because they know how to use their skill to better adapt to the environment. This also shows their strong intellectual abilities that makes them psychologically strong and active in response to the environment.

References Amiot, C. E. (2014). Toward a Psychology of Human-Animal Relations. Psychological Bulletin, 4(1), 1-10. Anne Marthe van der Bles, T. P. (2017). Understanding Collective Discontents: A Psychological Approach to Measuring Zeitgeist. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130100, 10(1), 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130100 Bird, C. D., & Emery, N. J. (2009). Insightful problem solving and creative tool modification by captive non-tool-using rooks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(25), 10370-10375. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901008106 Von Bayern, A. M., Heathcote, R. J., Rutz, C., & Kacelnik, A. (2009). The role of experience in problem solving and innovative tool use in crows. Current Biology, 19(22), 1965-1968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.10.037Shettleworth, S. J. (2010). Clever animals and killjoy explanations in comparative psychology. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14(11), 477-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.07.002