Date: 02-24-2019
Parents are to blame for cyber-bullying
You’ve got all the info here and it is arranged neatly – just add headings and a bit more support for some of the sections
Think of using a heading – Introduction
Remember that the lit review requires you to use headings in the paper. You may have the first one that is Introduction, then several that identify the main ideas of each section and one that is the conclusion. Check APA for format of how these headings are placed in the paper
Cyber bullying is the use of social media platforms to threaten, embarrass or to harm the other person. Definition from research or your own? It occurs intentionally or unintentionally. Intentional cyber bullying occurs when the bully intends to hurt the other person while unintentional occurs when a person sends a message which was not intended to hurt him but turns out to be an insult (Feinberg & Robey, 2009, p. 26). Only page number for direct quote The most victims of cyber bullying are the young people, especially those in the adolescent stage who aim to keep up with the trends in technology. Cyber bullying has been the most trending form of bullying due to the fact that technology levels have been on the increase. While some cases of cyber bullying can be easily detected, some are not easily detectable especially those involving the posting of insulting photos
Cases of cyber bullying are mainly attributed to the rise in technology and the high internet exposure. < according to whom? However, besides technology, parents have largely contributed to the rising cases of cyber bullying. Recent studies what studies? Name have indicated that for every four teenagers, one has experienced cyber bullying while for six teenagers, one has cyber bullied another.<cite The effects brought about by cyber bullying are alarming, with most teenagers ending up committing suicide and others getting mental problems. To understand the role of parents in cyber bullying, we will take an in-depth look into cyber bullying focusing circumstances under which it occurs and the effects it has, from where we will get a clear picture of how parents have contributed to this. Think of a stronger thesis that states a fact and avoids the “we will” or “this paper will” phraseology. Also consider mentioning after the thesis what main ideas you will use in the paper to prove this.
So the next heading would go here- what does this first section discuss?
The most common cases of cyber bullying occur from school contexts and home settings. According to a report from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, almost fifteen percent of students face cyber bullying in form of text messages or from social media platforms (L.Walkerc, 2013). A school is a social institution where people from different backgrounds meet for the common goal of gaining knowledge. However, it is expected that in an institution, different people have different thoughts and beliefs and this contributes to conflicts. Traditionally, conflicts would be solved physically but in modern society, the evolution of technology has made conflicts to be done electronically without physical engagement. This is exactly what contributes to cyber bullying in schools (Bickmore, 2004). There are various instances of what might lead to conflicts hence cyber bullying in schools. A good example is when students hate a certain student probably due to her pride. < opinion ? This might prompt the students to attack her via the internet. The main reason why students prefer online bullying is that it maintains anonymity (P.BradshawPh.D., 2015). Compared to physical forms of bullying, the bully remains anonymous to the victim, and this gives an incentive to the bullies to be more aggressive.
However, this would not be possible without internet access in schools. Internet usage is inevitable in schools, but it can be controlled. Most school institutions operate underuse of internet services especially in doing research work. This means that students are allowed to access the internet through their phones and laptops. This has made it easier for cases of cyber bullying to take place. < cite. Think of how this first section about schools pertains to the main idea of the paper which is that parents are to blame. Be sure to make that connection with this section so that the material in the section is relevant to the paper or consider removing the section
Cyber bullying from home has been contributed by ( check wording ) children spending most of their time on the internet. In fact, it has been noted (by whom) that it is hard for parents to detect their children are undergoing cyber bullying, and mostly it is due to ignorance. An example of this ignorance of parents < opinion? is portrayed by a mother who lost her child to cyber bullying. On a statement she gave to Fox News, her daughter had been facing bullying for some time and it had even led her to depression (SIDOROWICZ, 2015). Watch all caps I believe ( avoid first person and personal conclusions) that the mother sought medical help for her child, but she ought to have sought help from the authorities. This would have ensured that the bullies were captured and punished. However, because she thought her daughter was ‘strong’, she ended up committing suicide. < opinion?
New heading here for new reason/example
Parents assume their children’s activity online. , specify- assume what? Assume that the children are doing school work? While some may base their children’s screen time on games and videos, a large percent base it on school research work. < not clear what this means. Dr. Jenny Radesky, a professor at the University of Michigan, disagrees with the concept of children being online for research work stating that the children have not yet developed the memory and understanding skills (Jenny S. Radesky, 2015). Here too, not sure what this means – reseach work for whom? The children are online doing research? The amounts of screen time children are exposed to have been worrying. In fact, most children nowadays spend more time on the internet than they spend playing (Hinkley T, 2012). Without realizing it, children become addicted to the internet and this exposes them to the risk of being cyber bullied. The most shocking thing is that children as young as 8 years and below have been exposed to internet usage by their parents. Think of a clear main idea for this section as the first sentence to help the reader know what you will discuss. Be sure all material then relates to that main idea which in turn relates to the thesis. So, another way the parent is to blame…..
Children Home Alone – as heading
Besides introducing their children to internet usage and holding no restrictions ( have each of these been thouroughly discussed? They are great ideas and could be your headings but be sure then that each area is discussed in detail clearly) , most parents are never at home (Mesch, 2009). They spend most of their time working or for extreme cases, having fun with their friends.< Proof?> This increases the chances of children being engaged online. For some children, the lack of parental love and the loneliness causes them to indulge in online activities to seek comfort. <cite >However, desperate measures such as looking for comfort may create a platform for online bullies to criticize and mock such desperations which can eventually lead to cyber bullying. <Good point- more info would make this stronger.
Lack of Quality Time as heading
Another important aspect is that parents are not able to tell when their children are undergoing through cyber bullying. This is the case, especially where parents spend little time with their children. Parenting should involve bonding and interaction with your children, creating a platform where children can freely open up on disturbing issues. Some parents hardly notice when their children are undergoing distressing times, just because they are busy with other things. A family is a basic unit of conflict resolution and problem-solving. More information and citations needed for this section
New heading -
However, it is also important to note that bullies also have parents. Some parents may be aware of their child’s behavior. Depending on how the parent handles the situation may determine the contribution to cyber bullying. If a parent does not take any necessary action to manage the behavior of the child, then he is directly contributing to cyber bullying.<opinion? Some children take up the behaviors of their parents. Thus if a parent has bullying behaviors, then there is no way he will stop the child from doing so (FayeMishnaaMonaKhoury-KassabribTahanyGadallaaJoanneDaciuka, 2012) check format . In particular, some parents teach their children to be tough in the society and hence may term acts of bullying as being tough.
Effects of Cyber Bullying ( heading)
The effects of cyber bullying are very diverse and its implication in society is that these cases should be reduced. The following is a discussion of the effects of cyber bullying. One effect might be …….Suicide: while cyber bullying may not be the ultimate cause of suicides, cyber bullying related issues lead to suicidal cases. < cite >Victims of cyber bullying experience stress and depression issue which lead to suicide cases, if not well managed. An example of such a case is the story of a 12-year-girl in New Jersey who took her own life her schoolmates numerously bullied her through snap chat and Instagram.
Another issue may be Depression and stress: victims of cyber bullying develop mental problems as a result of being bullied. <cite This may be the case, especially where they do not engage anyone on what they are going through. This develops into depression and if not well taken care of, may lead to other harmful activities. Need more info
Low self-esteem: as a result of cyber bullying, victims may end up feeling unworthy and unfit for society. <cite > This may lead to cases of dropouts and indulgence in drug and substance abuse. These coping strategies for the victims are in effect harmful to their livelihoods. Some victims may indulge in these activities just to impress their bullies or fit in society.
Another effect is Violence and bullying nature: surprisingly, some victims of bullying end up becoming bullies themselves. < cite They do so mainly to revenge and relieve the hurt in them. Most of them also end up being antisocial and portray the traits of violence. More info
……low performance in class: Not all poor performance in class is attributed to cyber bullying. However, when a high performer student experiences bullying, he loses interest in the class and thus his grades fall drastically. < proof ?> The number of absent days also increases in an attempt to reduce the encounter with the students.
Generally, the effects of cyber bullying are seen on the victim in terms of health and social aspect. The relationship with family members also deteriorates as the victim becomes an introvert. Effects of cyber bullying on the bully may be arrest and punishment by the authorities. In serious cases, the cyber bully may be prompted to kill the victim especially if the victim proves to be a tough one.
With this, it is important to discuss the role parents have in reducing cyber bullying and the related effects: heading Ways to Help
Parents should set restrictions on their children’s involvement in social network activities. This does not mean the total ban on children’s activity on social media. As social and dynamic beings, socialization is very vital and social media is a platform for socialization. However, parents should ensure strictness on time spent on the internet and should also ensure that the activities going on the social media platforms are legal and not harmful. This should involve constant follow up and inspection on these activities. Though children find it not fashionable, parents should also be socially active with their children on the social media platforms and this may scare bullies from attacking their children. For example, on Facebook, a parent may follow their children at least to see their activities. Be sure to cite a source in this info
Parents should ensure healthy relationships between them and their children. <cite This will enhance openness on critical issues. When going through cases of cyber bullying, most children fear to share it with their parents because they will be scolded or punished. This can only be solved by ensuring good problem-solving skills and having a better understanding of the development and growth of your child. Also, parents should spend more time with their children. This will help a parent to know when their child is going through some problems. And it is through this that children will be able to open up on cyber bullying (P.Ang, 2015). ? source?
If your child is a bully, the best solution would be to seek help but not to focus on punishment. Cite Parents may learn of their child’s nature of bullying others from teachers or schoolmates. The only best solution is to seek help on how to help this child. Most bullies may be psychologically affected hence their bullying nature. Thus some psychological help may be important (Jenkins, 2008).
Parent need to be supportive during this time. Remember, a lot of emotional and psychological problems are involved in the victim during cyber bullying. A parent should show total support and help in the recovery process.cite Showing love and value to the victim may reduce the effects of cyber bullying such as low self-esteem. The same case applies to the parent of the victim. Showing criticism and disgust may only make the situation worse but being supportive may help the child warm up be open to changing the behaviors. Cite
How can parents tell that their children are going through cyber bullying issues? Behaviors are the most common way of determining whether your child is going through cyber bullying. For instance, signs of being upset when online and after using the internet may be an indication of cyber bullying. Also, the child may be sensitive to topics related to the internet and social media activities. Messages and emails may stir some discomfort whenever the child gets a notification. In addition to this, a sudden drop in school grades and acts of withdrawal from family activity may insinuate cyber bullying (Campfield, 2008). Therefore, a parent should be keen enough to notice any changes in behaviors which may be caused by these internet activities.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it is clear that technology evolution and advancement has brought revolution in socializing. However, people misuse technology for harmful behaviors (Campbell, 2005). The family is the basic unit of socialization, and through this parents have a big role in socializing with their children to ensure other forms of socialization are effective. Since technology cannot be evaded, it is primarily the role of parents to ensure that cases of cyber bullying are reduced. The basic role is controlling their children’s internet usage and ensuring their internet activities are not harmful. Also, it is their role to be there for their children in distressing moments and this will ensure the children open up on such cases. Finally, understanding a child’s behavioral changes will ensure early detection of cyber bullying. Through this, the cyber bullying cases and their effects will be highly reduced. And this will reduce the blame on parents.
Check the rules for capitalizing in the titles of the articles
Be sure you have volume and page numbers for the journals
Reference
Bickmore, K. (2004). Discipline for Democracy? School Districts' Management of Conflict and Social Exclusion. Theory and Research in Social Education.
Campbell, M. A. (2005). Cyber Bullying: An Old Problem in a New Guise? Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools.
Campfield, D. C. (2008). Cyber Bullying and Victimization: Psychosocial Characteristics of Bullies, Victims, and Bully/Victims. SCHOLAR WORKS OF UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA.
FayeMishnaaMonaKhoury-KassabribTahanyGadallaaJoanneDaciuka. (2012). Risk factors for involvement in cyber bullying: Victims, bullies and bully–victims. Children and Youth Services Review.
Feinberg, T., & Robey, N. (2009). Cyberbullying. The Education Digest, 26.
Hinkley T, S. J. (2012). Preschoolers' physical activity, screen time, and compliance with recommendations. EUROPE PMC.
Jenkins, T. D. (2008). The role of school psychologists in the assessment, prevention, and intervention of cyberbullying. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS.
Jenny S. Radesky, J. S. (2015). Mobile and Interactive Media Use by Young Children: The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown. AAP NEWS AND JOURNALS.
L.Walkerc, S. B. (2013). Associations among bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide in high school students. Journal of Adolescence.
Mesch, G. S. (2009). Parental Mediation, Online Activities, and Cyberbullying. CyberPsychology & Behavior.
P.Ang, R. (2015). Adolescent cyberbullying: A review of characteristics, prevention and intervention strategies. Aggression and Violent Behavior.
P.BradshawPh.D., T. E. (2015). The Overlap Between Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying. jOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH.
SIDOROWICZ, J. (2015). Mom: Cyber bullying killed my daughter. FOX 17 WEST MICHIGAN.
otokola 
WA42.docx
0
