Wine & Bar Essay

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Wine Labels & Quality System

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LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of this lesson the student will be able to:

• Understand the base and fundament of wines control

and regulations

• Acknowledge the different classification systems

• Could read and interpreted the label indications

• Understand the importance of wine’s labels

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FACTORS AFFECTING COST REVIEW

Vineyard • land, labour, machinery &

Classification certification

Winery • equipment, oak, storage

Packaging, Distribution & Sales • exchange rates • packaging • transport • taxes and levies

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Categorizes and classifies different types of wines.

Considers location, grape variety, practices, harvest time, yield, etc…..

Ensures consistency and quality of the product. (Customer & Wine maker)

The classification system acts as an indicator.

WINE CONTROLS & REGULATIONS

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UNDERSTAND THE LABEL INDICATIONS

Geographical Indications § wines with a GI § wines without a GI

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Protected Designation of Origin (PDO):

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Covers agricultural products and foodstuffs which are produced, processed and prepared in a given geographical area using recognized know-how.

Uniqueness derives from: place grapes were grown / grape varieties used / methods used to grow grapes / methods used in making the wine

CLASSIFICATION - PDO

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EUROPEAN UNION - PDO

Country Traditional PDO Labelling Term

France Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC)

Italy Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG)

Spain Denominación de Origen (DO) Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa)

Germany Prädikatswein Qualitätswein

Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)

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Protected Geographical Indication (PGI):

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Covers agricultural products and foodstuffs closely linked to the geographical area. At least one of the stages of production, processing or preparation takes place in the area.

Uniqueness derives from: place grapes were grown / grape varieties used / methods used to grow grapes / methods used in making the wine

CLASSIFICATION - PGI

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Country Traditional PGI Labelling Term

France Vin de Pays (VdP)

Italy Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT)

Spain Vino de la Tierra (VdlT)

Germany Landwein

Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)

EUROPEAN UNION - PGI

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Country Quality Wines (PDO)

Table Wines (PGI)

France AOC (VDQS) Vin de Pays Vin de Table

Italy DOCG DOC IGT Vino da Tavola

Spain DOCa DO Vino de la Tierra

Vino de Mesa

Portugal DOC IPR VR Vinho de Mesa

Germany QMP QBA Landwein Tafelwein

PDO VS PGI

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Within different regions, other ways to classify wines exist.

• Grand Cru

• Premier Cru • Gran Reserva • Crianza • Superior • Reserva

CLASSIFICATION TERMS

Due to some e.g. AOC’s being very big, consisting many wine makers producing similar wines, certain regions have designed there own internal classification system beyond the normal one. These above stated terms are just a few examples of additional information that may, or not, be found on the label, and what they actually represent (obviously huge importance on the price).

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FRANCE WINE AOC

Over 300 AOC wines in France

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FRANCE WINE CLASSIFICATION

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ITALY WINE CLASSIFICATION

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SPAIN WINE CLASSIFICATION

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USA WINE CLASSIFICATION

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READING AN OLD WORLD WINE LABEL

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READING A NEW WORLD WINE LABEL

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GENERAL LABEL INDICATIONS

§ producer and brand § vintage § alcohol level (abv) § mis en bouteille § domaine

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STYLE AND PRODUCTION METHODS

§ Barrel/barrique-fermented/aged § Oaked/unoaked § Unfined/unfiltered § Botrytis cinerea/noble rot

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SAUVIGNON BLANC FROM AROUND THE WORLD

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STYLE AND PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES

• Barrel/barrique- fermented/aged

• Baked/unoaked • Unfined/unfiltered • Botrytis cinerea/noble

rot • Organic • Cuvee • Old vines/Vieilles

vignes

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CHARDONNAY BURGUNDY LABELLING TERMS

§ Regional § Commune/Village § Premier Cru § Grand Cru

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PINOT NOIR BURGUNDY LABELLING TERMS

§ Regional § Commune/Village § Premier Cru § Grand Cru

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Burgundy Classification

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AUSTRALIA – PINOT NOIR LABEL

Yarra Valley Mornington Peninsula

SOUTH EASTERN AUSTRALIA

Sydney

Melbourne

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§ Regional

BORDEAUX LABEL TERMS

§ Bordeaux Supérieur § Cru Bourgeois § Grand Cru

Image of Château Palmer

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BORDEAUX CLASSIFICATION

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§ Regional

RHÔNE VALLEY LABEL TERMS

§ Villages § Cru

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BEAUJOLAIS LABEL TERMS

§ Regional § Commune/Village § Cru

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RIOJA QUALITY, STYLE AND AGEING

Gran reserva

Reserva

Crianza

Joven

White Rioja Wine Red Rioja Wine

Age 48 Months, including 6 Months in Oaked Barrel

Age 24 Months, including 6 Months in Oaked Barrel

Age 18 Months, including 6 Months in Oaked Barrel

Age 60 Months, including 18 Months in Oaked Barrel

Age 36 Months, including 12 Months in Oaked Barrel

Age 24 Months, including 6 Months in Oaked Barrel

Age 0 Months, 0 Months in Oaked Barrel

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TUSCANY ITALIAN NAMED WINES

Brunello di Montalcino DOCG

§ 100% Sangiovese

ITALY

Chianti

Tuscany

Brunello di Montalcino

Chianti DOCG (Chianti Classico DOCG)

§ region: Central Tuscany § grape: Sangiovese § small portion of other varieties

can be used § a lot of inexpensive wines

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CHIANTI QUALITY AND STYLE

§ Generic § Classico § Riserva

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CHIANTI QUALITY AND STYLE

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§ Kabinett § Spätlese § Auslese

GERMAN PRÄDIKATSWEIN I

Grosses Geväkte.

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§ Kabinett § Spätlese § Auslese

GERMAN PRÄDIKATSWEIN II

§ Trockenbeerenauslese § Eiswein

§ Beerenauslese

For Beerenauslese and Trockenbeerenauslese, the grapes are cover of Noble Rote (Botytris)

For Eiswein, the grapes are

harvested during the 1st frost of

thee cold season

Generaly the % of alcohol is low and the wine have a high level of residual

sugar which make it very sweet

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GERMANY WINE CLASSIFICATION

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EXERCISE HOW TO READ WINE LABEL ?

Customer information

How to read the label

Classification and Origine

Old World vs. New World

Generally explains the purposes of the wine label (info, legal requirements, design, marketing etc.). An idea of listing what should, or could, be found on the label, and how increased knowledge about wine clearly helps the customer interpreting this information, hence assisting the purchasing process (how do we know if the price is more or less justified?).

Students have to research in groups certain countries wine labels and present on screen.

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Labels and Meaning Exercise

• Try to get familiarize with the classification system and the terms commonly found on the label (abbreviations only), and what these represent in regard to rules, regulations and requirements. (!!!! some discrepancies between mine and the one used in the book exist) Even though confusing at first sight, the different countries adopt the same structure, but using their own language.

• Try to use France as an example to explain what happens (rules and controls) as you attempt to move up the system. Again, important to make clear that all wine producers do not attempt to reach the highest classification level (explain to the rest of the class). You have tried to get this done on the white board by drawing country, region, district, individual estates – e.g. France, Bordeaux, Haut-Medoc, Pauillac.

Good to know: the wine laws are designed and controlled by the government, so it is not a cozy way for individual wine makers to scratch each others backs

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Wine Controls & Regulations Exercise

• Explaining the idea and background of the emerging need/desire for wine controls and regulations (mainly origin from France). Also how this in fact provides the consumer guarantees regarding the technical quality of the wine, and how the various regulations then translated into the existing classification systems (Europe).

• Explaining the vast amount of laws and regulations that exist for the wine maker and how some of these requirements become quite expensive and time consuming to apply to (difference of wanting an AOC classification rather than table wine status, or occasionally the other way around). Again, the consumer is not supposed to keep track on these regulations, but it helps to understand the price a wine demands.

• While ensuring consistency and quality for the consumer (e.g. same practices applied from year to year), it also provides certain guidelines for those producing the wine.

• All discussions regarding what should constitute controls and regulations translated into the classification system used in most European countries (adopting the French structure) and started in the mid 1930s in the Rhone region. Could also be interesting to emphasize the fact that European countries (France in particular) have a very traditional approach to what should, and what should not, be exercised in the vineyard/wine production (as opposed to the new world countries more casual approach).