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Test: W7 Final Exam

Question 1

According to Fiedler, _____ is the degree to which the group’s task is well defined.

	a.	task parallel
	b.	task orientation
	c.	task thread
	d.	task stream
	e.	task structure

Question 2

_____ is based on disagreements between two or more individuals in an organization.

	a.	Intergroup conflict
	b.	Intersender conflict
	c.	Interpersonal conflict
	d.	Interrole conflict
	e.	Interteam conflict

Question 3

A newcomer in an organization gradually begins to learn the company norms such as dress codes, working hours, and interpersonal relations. This process is known as

	a.	socialization.
	b.	communization.
	c.	overload.
	d.	assimilation.
	e.	soldiering.

Question 4

During surgery, surgeons make quick decisions knowing the consequences of a wrong one. They are most likely to feel stress due to _____ demands.

	a.	task
	b.	physical
	c.	role
	d.	interpersonal
	e.	creative

Question 5

_____ is the process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute.

	a.	Stereotyping
	b.	Cognitive dissonance
	c.	Inducement
	d.	Negative emotionality
	e.	Machiavellianism

Question 6

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, once an individual has satisfied his physiological needs, he turns his focus towards _____ needs.

	a.	self-actualization
	b.	security
	c.	survival
	d.	belongingness
	e.	esteem

Question 7

Manish is giving a party at his home and has put together a complete plan for the event. He has chosen to invite eleven people to the party. Which type of network would be most effective in communicating the invitations?

	a.	Y
	b.	Chain
	c.	Circle
	d.	All channel
	e.	Wheel

Question 8

Amelia believes that if she tries hard to eliminate distractions and concentrate on her work, she will learn to do her job more efficiently. Amelia has

	a.	low effort-to-performance expectancy.
	b.	moderate performance-to-outcome expectancy.
	c.	low performance-to-outcome expectancy.
	d.	high effort-to-performance expectancy.
	e.	moderate effort-to-performance expectancy.

Question 9

Working a full forty-hour week in fewer than the traditional five days is called

	a.	a flexible work schedule.
	b.	job sharing.
	c.	a compressed work schedule.
	d.	a nine-eighty schedule.
	e.	flextime.

Question 10

Which of the following is a group based-incentive reward system?

	a.	Merit pay
	b.	Sales commission
	c.	Gainsharing
	d.	Annual pay raise
	e.	Piece-rate incentive plan

Question 11

A value associated with the outcomes of a performance is called its

	a.	hygiene factor.
	b.	behavior.
	c.	need.
	d.	commitment.
	e.	valence.

Question 12

Which of the following is a task characteristic that may neutralize or substitute for leadership?

	a.	Collective hysteria
	b.	Conformity
	c.	Intrinsic satisfaction
	d.	Bystander apathy
	e.	Groupthink

Question 13

When a manager gives an employee several major assignments at once, thereby increasing the person’s regular workload, the employee is most likely to experience

	a.	role overload.
	b.	role conformity.
	c.	role ambiguity.
	d.	role generalization.
	e.	role conflict.

Question 14

_____ thinking is a skill that allows people to see differences among situations, phenomena, or events.

	a.	Convergent
	b.	Divergent
	c.	Cognitive
	d.	Differentiated
	e.	Creative

Question 15

Sales have been somewhat flat this month, so the sales manager has established a contest among the sales people. If the overall sales reach a certain level, then the salesperson with the highest net sales will get a reward. In this situation, the sales manager is _____ conflict.

	a.	confronting
	b.	stimulating
	c.	resolving
	d.	controlling
	e.	eliminating

Question 16

As a process, leadership can be defined as

	a.	the practice of empowering employees to participate in organizational decision making.
	b.	the set of characteristics attributed to individuals who are perceived to be leaders.
	c.	the use of noncoercive influence to shape an organization's goals.
	d.	the ability to assess business process performance.
	e.	the ability to adjust to and understand the changes in a workplace.

Question 17

While Walter says that he cares about his employees, he interrupts them every time they need to talk to him about something and brings the conversation around to his own contributions. This is an example of _____ conflict.

	a.	person-role
	b.	interrole
	c.	intrasender
	d.	intersender
	e.	intergroup

Question 18

_____ is an individual’s power to think intelligently and to analyze situations and data effectively.

	a.	Attribution
	b.	Creativity
	c.	Selective perception
	d.	Cognitive ability
	e.	Positive affectivity

Question 19

According to the Managerial Grid, the manager who maintains adequate concern for both people and production reflects what type of management?

	a.	Authority-compliance
	b.	Country club
	c.	Impoverished
	d.	Middle-of-the-road
	e.	Team

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of organizational barriers to effective communication?

	a.	Status differences
	b.	Conflicting or inconsistent signals
	c.	Predispositions about a subject
	d.	Reluctance to communicate
	e.	Credibility about the subject

Question 21

Valencia, an employee at Y Inc., attempts to bring all her contributions to successful projects to the notice of her manager. Her intention is to build a good image in the eyes of the management. What is best exemplified by Valencia's behavior?

	a.	Coercion
	b.	Inducement
	c.	Creation of an obligation
	d.	Persuasion
	e.	Impression management

Question 22

Officers in the US military have no control over employee pay. It is all based on time of service and rank. The military uses medals and ribbons to acknowledge excellence. The medals are an example of

	a.	job tasks.
	b.	contributions.
	c.	inducements.
	d.	intangible rewards.
	e.	stressors.

Question 23

In which type of group-level reward system are employees gradually given a major stake in the ownership of a corporation?

	a.	Scanlon plan
	b.	Gainsharing
	c.	ESOP
	d.	Stock option plan
	e.	Profit sharing

Question 24

Verbal reprimands, written reprimands, disciplinary layoffs, fines, demotion, and termination are examples of _____ power possessed by managers.

	a.	coercive
	b.	legitimate
	c.	expert
	d.	referent
	e.	reward

Question 25

Ashley sent an urgent text to her Julio, her supervisor, requiring immediate action. Julio was in a senior management meeting and had his cell phone turned off. This is an example of

	a.	relevance.
	b.	semantics.
	c.	decoding.
	d.	noise.
	e.	timeliness.

Question 26

Brianne, a graduate engineer, prefers to work in a job that provides her the opportunity to interact with people and make new friends on the job. Brianne has a need for

	a.	affiliation.
	b.	security.
	c.	esteem.
	d.	achievement.
	e.	power.

Question 27

Patricia is usually in a good mood. When she hears that Terri, a subordinate, has moved ahead of her for a promotion, she congratulates her and helps plan the team lunch to celebrate. Patricia portrays a high degree of

	a.	neuroticism.
	b.	cognitive dissonance.
	c.	self-efficacy.
	d.	positive affectivity.
	e.	authoritarianism.

Question 28

Which of the following is true about individual incentive plans?

	a.	They are focused at increasing a person's base salary at the end of every year.
	b.	They are focused to recognize efforts rather than individual performances.
	c.	They are used to reward individual performance on a real-time basis.
	d.	They are most likely to be used when performance can be subjectively assessed.
	e.	They are used to provide individual performances with nonmonetary rewards.

Question 29

Which of the following is a disadvantage of oral communication?

	a.	It is prone to being inaccurate.
	b.	It is hard to use.
	c.	It creates obstacles in giving feedback.
	d.	It is not comfortable for managers.
	e.	It requires considerable amount of preparation.

Question 30

The _____ role is what a person understands the sent role to mean.

	a.	perceived
	b.	enacted
	c.	expected
	d.	influenced
	e.	discerned

Question 31

How does the degree of difference in status between a superior and a subordinate create problems?

	a.	The greater the degree of difference in status, the more likely it is that upward communication will take place.
	b.	The greater the degree of difference in status, the more likely it is that the subordinate will suppress or distort information.
	c.	The greater the degree of difference in status, the more likely it is that the subordinate will engage in whistle blowing activities.
	d.	The greater the degree of difference in status, the more likely it is that the subordinate will engage in downward communication.
	e.	The greater the degree of difference in status, the more likely it is that the subordinate will be victimized by organizational politics.

Question 32

What is the management role in executing plans?

	a.	Planning and budgeting
	b.	Establishing direction
	c.	Controlling and problem solving
	d.	Motivating and inspiring
	e.	Organizing and staffing

Question 33

An individual who is motivating and inspiring people to energize them to overcome barriers by satisfying basic human needs is fulfilling what role and activity?

	a.	Management role in executing plans
	b.	Management role in developing a human network
	c.	Leadership role in developing a human network
	d.	Leadership role in creating an agenda
	e.	Leadership role in executing plans

Question 34

As a property, leadership can be best defined as

	a.	the practice of empowering employees to participate in organizational decision making.
	b.	a set of belief that supports the practice of interpersonal risk taking in teams.
	c.	the ability to shape employee behavior without using force.
	d.	the ability to adjust to and understand changes in the workplace.
	e.	a set of characteristics found in people who can influence the behavior of others.

Question 35

Creativity within organizations can be enhanced by

	a.	training individuals to have an external locus of control.
	b.	setting ambiguous goals and objectives.
	c.	encouraging employees to have less risk propensity.
	d.	making it part of the organization's culture.
	e.	employing only those individuals from environments that nurture creativity.

Question 36

At stage 2 of the GAS, the person is

	a.	resisting the effects of the stressor.
	b.	feeling a sense of alarm.
	c.	experiencing a sense of helplessness.
	d.	exhausted by the stressor.
	e.	asking for help.

Question 37

Which of the following reinforcement schedules offers a worker the least incentive to do good work?

	a.	Variable-interval
	b.	Continuous
	c.	Variable-ratio
	d.	Fixed-ratio
	e.	Fixed-interval

Question 38

How can managers use the grapevine as an asset?

	a.	By learning who the key people in the grapevine are, managers can use the grapevine to start a gossip chain, communicating inaccurate information.
	b.	By using the grapevine, managers can promote vertical communication.
	c.	By learning who the key people in the grapevine are, managers can use the grapevine to sound out employee reactions to new ideas.
	d.	By learning who the key people in the grapevine are, managers can use the grapevine to start a cluster chain.
	e.	By using the grapevine, managers can maintain a hierarchical system.

Question 39

Raw figures and facts reflecting a single aspect of reality are referred to as

	a.	opinion.
	b.	meaning.
	c.	data.
	d.	information.
	e.	knowledge.

Question 40

Which leadership style identified by Fiedler is analogous to the employee-centered and initiating-structure behaviors of the Michigan and Ohio State studies?

	a.	Initiated-structures
	b.	Participative leader behavior
	c.	Relationship oriented
	d.	Task oriented
	e.	Achievement oriented

Question 41

_____ leadership is the style of leadership that goes beyond ordinary expectations by transmitting a sense of mission, stimulating learning experiences, and inspiring new ways of thinking.

	a.	Transformational
	b.	Task-oriented
	c.	Supportive
	d.	Directive
	e.	Participative

Question 42

_____ is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual.

	a.	Agreeableness
	b.	Self-efficacy
	c.	Self-esteem
	d.	Introversion
	e.	Openness

Question 43

Moira is a manager in the R&D department at NuvoTech. She is expected to take chances and is seen as a catalyst for innovation. Moira demonstrates the traits of someone who would rank high on what characteristic?

	a.	Sensing
	b.	Machiavellianism
	c.	Risk propensity
	d.	Introversion
	e.	Authoritarianism

Question 44

Which of the following is an example of upward communication in organizations?

	a.	An email sent by a higher-level manager of a company appreciating the work of a fresher
	b.	A leave request sent by a team member to the team manager
	c.	A suggestion given by a manager in a team meeting
	d.	A newsletter containing information about the annual profits of an organization
	e.	An email containing the specifications of a project sent by a manager to a subordinate

Question 45

During the _____ stage of group development, group members begin to recognize and accept their roles, and understand the roles of other members.

	a.	storming
	b.	performing
	c.	forming
	d.	conforming
	e.	norming

Question 46

What is the specialty of an executive support system?

	a.	It is specially designed for instant access by upper-level managers.
	b.	It is specially designed to imitate the thought processes of human experts in a particular field.
	c.	It is a personal digital system that works without an Internet connection.
	d.	It is a computer-based system capable of reasoning.
	e.	It has been designed to duplicate human behavior.

Question 47

Compare and contrast oral and written communication.

Question 48

Discuss the basic assumptions of expectancy theory.

Question 49

What is the significance of strategic, cross-cultural, and ethical leadership in contemporary business?

Question 50

Discuss some of the ways in which individuals can manage their stress.

Question 51

Differentiate between formal and informal leaders.