Wine & Bar Essay
Razovic
w7.pdf
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Major Red Wine Grapes
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At the end of this topic, students will be able to:
§ Understand the red wine vinification technic
§ Understand the different maturation methods
§ Acknowledge the main red wine grape varieties
§ Get an understanding of the different red wine
grapes aromatic and tasting elements
Learning Outcome
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Pinot Noir
§ Cool or moderate climate § Thin skins § Low levels of tannins § Light colour to deep ruby § Red berries taste and smell § Most Pinots Noir wine best
consumed when young and fruity § Generally not blended § Used for sparkling wines § Good potential to age § Develop when aging red jam,
animal and forest smell § Best known in Burgundy & NZ
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Cool to Moderate Climate or Medium Ripe
§ red fruit (strawberry, raspberry, red cherry) § vegetal, animal (wet leaves, mushroom,
game, meat)
Cool Climate or less Ripe § excessive vegetal (cabbage, wet
leaves)
Hot Climate or Ripe § loses delicate flavours
§ excessively jammy
Maturity with Oak Ageing § wood (toast, vanilla)
§ can overpower delicate aromas
Pinot Noir
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Pinot Noir World Map
Oregon & California
Chile South Africa
Australia & New Zealand
France & Germany
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Germany Pinot Noir GERMANY
Baden
Pfalz
ITALY
SWITZ.
FRANCE
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France Pinot Noir
FRANCE
Burgundy
Champagne (sparkling wine)
SWIT Z.
ITALY
GERMANY
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France: Burgundy
Côte de Nuits § Gevrey-Chambertin § Chambolle-Musigny § Vosne-Romanée § Nuits-St-Georges
Côte de Beaune § Beaune § Volnay § Pommard
Chablis Côte d’OR =
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Oregon & California Pinot Noir
Sonoma County
Los Carneros
Santa Barbara County
Oregon USA
California
San Francisco
California
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Chile Pinot Noir
Casablanca Valley
CHILE
ARGENTINA
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South Africa Pinot Noir
Walker Bay
WESTERN CAPE Cape Town
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Australia Pinot Noir
Yarra Valley Mornington Peninsula
SOUTH EASTERN AUSTRALIA
Sydney
Melbourne
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New Zealand Pinot Noir
Marlborough
North Island
South Island
Central Otago
Martinborough
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§ Moderate to hot climate § Deeply coloured § Medium to full bodied wine § High levels of tannin and
acidity § Pronounced dark fruits aromas § Produces wines for ageing § Often oaked § Mono grape or blended § Develop when aged some
earthy and dry fruits aroma § Simple to complex wine
Cabernet Sauvignon
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Hot Climate or Ripe § black fruit (blackcurrant, black cherry,
blackberry) § Preserved dry fruits
Maturity with Oak Ageing § wood (toast, vanilla, smoke, coffee,
cedar)
Moderate Climate or Less Ripe Grape § black fruit (blackcurrant, black cherry)
§ herbaceous (bell pepper)
Cabernet Sauvignon Flavors
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Cabernet Sauvignon in Blends
Cabernet Sauvignon Adds:
§ Deeper in colour § increase acidity § give more tannin § aromatic fruit
Major Blend grape to go with Cabernet Sauvignon:
§ Merlot § Shiraz § Cabernet Franc
§ Petit Verdot § Malbec
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§ Moderate or hot climate
§ Light to full bodied wine § Medium acidity and tannins § Fruity flavour that evolve with
ripeness
§ Medium to high body and alcohol
§ Often oaked
§ Simple or blend § Good for aging § Can develop when aging dry or
jam fruits and tobacco taste and smell.
Merlot
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Maturity with Oak Ageing § wood (toast, vanilla, spice, coffee)
Moderate Climate or less ripe § red fruit (strawberry, red cherry, red
plum) § herbal (mint) § maturity (cedar, tobacco)
Merlot Flavors
Hot Climate or ripe § black fruit (black cherry,
blackberry, black plum) § fruitcake § chocolate
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Merlot in Blends
Merlot Adds
§ softness § body § makes wines easier to drink young § Red fruits touch to blend
Major Blend grape to go with Merlot
§ Cabernet Sauvignon § local varieties
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Cabernet and Merlot World Map
Washington St
California
Chile and Argentina
South Africa Australia and New Zealand
France
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Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot
Bordeaux
Pays d’Oc IGP
FRANCE
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Bordeaux Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot
BORDEAUXMédoc
Haut-Médoc § Pauillac § Margaux
Graves § Pessac-Léognan
Saint-Émilion
Pomerol
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Napa Valley • Oakville • Rutherford • Calistoga
California Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot
San Francisco
Alexander Valley
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Chile & Argentina Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot
Maipo Valley
Mendoza
CHILE
ARGENTINA Central Valley
• Cachapoal Valley • Colchagua Valley
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South Africa Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot
Stellenbosch
WESTERN CAPECape
Town
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Margaret River
Australia Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot
Coonawarra
SOUTH EASTERN AUSTRALIA
Melbourne
Sydney
Adelaide
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New Zealand Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot
Hawke’s Bay
North Island
South Island
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Syrah / Shiraz
§ Tempered to hot climate § Thick skin § Deeply dark coloured § Medium acidity to high § Medium to high tannins § Dark fruits § Medium to full-bodied § Often oaked § Single grape or blended § Good ageing potential, can develop
leather and earthy fragrance § Best famous in south of France and
in Australia and California
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Hot Climate or more Ripe § black fruit (blackberry) § dark chocolate
§ sweet spice (liquorice)
Maturity with Oak Aging § animal (leather)
§ Vegetal § Cacao & Sweet spice mix
Moderate Climate or less Ripe § black fruit (blackberry)
§ herbaceous § smoked meat § spice (black pepper)
Flavors of Syrah/Shiraz
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§ Hot climate § Thin skins § Full-bodied, high alcohol, low
acidity § Low to medium Tannin § Red berries taste and smell § Often blended with Cabernet
Sauvignon, Tempranillo and Syrah § Good ageing potential, that
develop dry fruit, caramel and Umamy flavours
§ Used for making rosé wine, not oaked
§ Garnacha (Spain)
Grenache / Granacha
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Rosé Wines § red fruit (strawberry,
raspberry) § best consumed young § not often oaked
Hot Climate § red fruit (strawberry,
raspberry) § spice (white pepper,
liquorice)
Flavors of Grenache / Granacha
Maturity § animal (leather)
§ toffee
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Syrah & Grenache in Blends
Syrah/Shiraz § adds
§ colour § acidity § tannin § dark fruit flavour
§ Grenache
§ Cabernet § local varieties
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Grenache/Granacha § adds
§ red fruit flavour § spice flavours
§ increases alcohol level § lowers tannins and acidity
§ Shiraz
§ local varieties
Syrah & Grenache in Blends
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Syrah & Grenache World Map
France & Spain
Australia
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France Syrah & Grenache
Northern Rhône
FRANCE
SPAIN
Southern Rhône
Rhône Valley
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Northern Rhône Syrah & Grenache
Côte Rôtie
Hermitage
Crozes- Hermitage
§ Côte Rôtie § Hermitage § Crozes-Hermitage
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Côtes du Rhône
Côtes du Rhône Villages
Châteauneuf-du-Pape
§ Côtes du Rhône § Côtes du Rhône Villages § Châteauneuf-du-Pape
South Rhône Syrah & Grenache
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Rioja Priorat
FRANCE
SPAIN
Navarra
Spain Tempranillo, Syrah & Grenache
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Australia Syrah & Grenache
Barossa Valley
SOUTH EASTERN AUSTRALIA
McLaren Valley Hunter Valley
Melbourne
Sydney
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Tempranillo Rioja
Rioja DOCa § moderate climate
§ medium acidity, medium to full-bodied, medium tannins
§ red fruit (strawberry, plum) § often oak aged § maturity (savoury animal
(meat, leather), vegetal (mushroom))
§ blended with Granacha § alcohol
§ spicy notes § lighter tannins
SPAIN
Rioja
PO RT
U G
A L
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Tempranillo Duero & Catalonia
Ribera del Duero DO § premium-quality red
wines § black fruit (blackberry,
plum)
Catalunya DO § good quality reds
§ range of styles § Tempranillo, Granacha
and international varieties
SPAIN
Catalunya Ribera del Duero
PO RT
U G
A L
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ITALY
Piemonte
Barbaresco Barolo
Italian Grape Varieties
Nebbiolo § Barolo and Barbaresco
DOCG § High acidity, tannins and
alcohol, medium to full body
§ Red fruit (plum), floral (rose and Violette) and earthy character
§ Generally pure single grape § Oaked barrel maturation § Very good ageing potential § Maturity (tobacco,
mushroom, tar, leather)
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Sangiovese § Grow in Tempered to hot
climate § high tannins and acidity § medium to full-bodied § red fruit (plum, red cherry),
earth, herbal (green tea), spice
§ long oak-ageing § Often blended with local
grape varieties § Can be drink young, but can
age very well § Best known for Chianti and
Brunello di Montalcino
Italian Grape Varieties
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Major Toscany Named Wines
Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
§ 100% Sangiovese
ITALY
Chianti
Tuscany
Brunello di Montalcino
Chianti DOCG (Chianti Classico DOCG)
§ region: Central Tuscany § grape: Sangiovese § small portion of other
varieties can be used § a lot of inexpensive wines
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Cheers !
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