Respond to two or more of your colleagues

Use the following suggestions to assist you in developing your Discussion posts:

· Make a suggestion or share an insight about your work on one or more components of your Doctoral Study.

· Ask a probing or clarifying question.

· Offer and support an opinion, providing evidence to support your claim.

· Validate a posting with scholarly sources.

· Expand on your colleague’s posting.

Sonya

Small towns in central Texas Cities big enough to need public septic systems, yet small enough to lack funding.  Small towns face the challenge of providing sewer services to the community. According to Langeveld & Clemens, public sewer systems cost municipal entities $10,456,120.00. (2016) Forty-four million gallons of raw sewage seep into natural water supplies. (EPA, 2018).  There is a risk of economic failure, loss, safety, and health by not having a public sewer source. From a small city perspective, the cost is an absorbent amount of money with a price tag of $10,109.600.00. According to Langeveld & Clemens, public sewer systems cost municipal entities millions of dollars. (2016)

The general business problem is cities coerced into providing sewer services to the community but do not have the funding. The specific business problem is small cities does not have the revenue to support the expenses of sewer systems, and without them are at risk of health and safety violations.

The purpose of this qualitative research identifies the financial impact of public septic systems in small towns in Texas. Interviews among government officials, city staff and citizens from three towns with a population of 1500 or less provide analytical documentation indicating the needs of public septic systems and the financial impacts. Survey questions identify the financial impact for citizens and the city government.

Use the following suggestions to assist you in developing your Discussion posts:

· Make a suggestion or share an insight about your work on one or more components of your Doctoral Study.

· Ask a probing or clarifying question.

· Offer and support an opinion, providing evidence to support your claim.

· Validate a posting with scholarly sources.

· Expand on your colleague’s posting.

Joey

Furness, Z. (2016). Reframing concussions, masculinity, and NFL mythology in league of

denial. Popular Communication, 14(1), 49–57. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1080/15405702.2015.1084628

Furness (2016) took a different approach to the lack of communication or the communication crisis within the NFL.  Furness (2018) collected data from films, books, and journalist on the denial of concussion by the NFL.  The denial of a severe crisis which was covered up or not talked about for over thirty years was a significant concern for a lot of stakeholders (Furness, 2016).  This article expresses the concern downplaying the violence in American football.  This article also shows how the NFL can shut down the media communication channels if the NFL shows in a negative context.  Furness (2016) goes on to explain how the sports broadcasters try to normalize the rhetoric on concussions and injuries instead of telling the truth about how dangerous the sport is.

Eriksson, M. (2018). Lessons for Crisis Communication on Social Media: A Systematic Review 

of What Research Tells the Practice. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 12(5), 526.  https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2018.1510405

Eriksson’s (2018) crisis management and crisis communication research study argued that a systematic review could investigate more deeply into social media crisis management.  Eriksson (2018) used both qualitative and quantitative analysis methods to analyze peer-reviewed articles from different fields of communication

Ha, J. H., & Riffe, D. (2015). Crisis-related research in communication and business journals: 

An interdisciplinary review from 1992 to 2011. Public Relations Review, 41, 569–578. https://doi.org /10.1016/j.pubrev.2015.06.019

Ha and Riffe (2015) studied research as a sophisticated program.  Their research method used the conceptual framework to justify the results of the study.  Ha and Riffe (2018) explained that the interdisciplinary process allowed them to use different theories to finish the results of their research.

Kim, J. (2017). Elaborating the halo effect of SCCT: how and why performance history affects 

crisis responsibility and organizational reputation. Journal of Public Relations Research, 29(6), 277–294. https://doi.org /10.1080/1062726X.2017.1405812

Kim (2017) used qualitative research methods to get a different understanding of crisis communication.  Kim (2017) states that situation crisis communication theory (SCCT) used in a lot of paradigms show patterns in crises.

Rennie, K. D., Byrum, K., Tidwell, M., & Chitkara, A. K. (2018). Strategic communication in 

MBA curricula: A qualitative study of student outcomes. Journal of Management Education, 42(5), 594.  https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562918774593

Rennie, Byrum, Tidwell, and Chitkara (2018) examined strategic communication plans by using qualitative research.  This approach allowed for more understanding of crisis management as it applies to the corporate world.