global health promotion
sjsaaorabi
W1Chapt1Slides.pptxGlobal Health
Week One : Chapter one
Chapter one - Global Health. In this chapter we are going to learn about three distinct concepts which are health, public health, and global health. We will be learning about Millennium Development Goals and their relation with global health. The world continues to shrink at a very rapid pace. For health, security, and humanitarian reasons, each of us should be concerned about the health of everyone else.
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Video : NU library films on Demand , Delivering the Goods segment 1. Paradox of Global Health (02:03)
http:// digital.films.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=655&xtid=44351&loid=116469
Global Health
In this short video, we will get a glimpse of global health.
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Understand the progress that has already been made.
Understand the challenges that still remain.
Diseases are not limited by national boundaries.
Significant health disparities among groups.
Link between health and development.
Why Study Global Health?
There has been significant success in human health in the last 50 years. This is reflected in the substantial progress in health, for example, in life expectancy. However, there are also significant health disparities as we compare health of one group or one country to other. Hundreds of millions of people, especially poorer people in low- and middle-income countries, continue to get sick, be disabled by, or die from preventable causes of diseases. Many people, especially poor people in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, have been left behind. Diseases are not limited by national boundaries – cases of HIV could very well affect the population of other countries. There are strong links between health, human development, labor productivity, and economic development all of which contribute to global health and development.
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Health
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Public Health
“…the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and mental health and efficiency through organized community efforts toward a sanitary environment; the control of community infections; the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene; the organization of medical and nursing service for the early diagnosis and treatment of disease; and the development of the social machinery to ensure to every individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health.”
Global Health
“…an area for study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide. Global health emphasizes transnational health issues, determinants, and solutions, involves many disciplines within and beyond the health sciences, and promotes interdisciplinary collaboration; and is a synthesis of population based prevention with individual-level clinical care.”
Public health
Global Health
Health, Public Health, and Global Health
It is necessary that we have a clear idea about health, public health, and global health and the relationship among them. The textbook we are following for this course, is using the WHO definition for health which concentrate on physical, mental and social well-being in addition to the absence of disease. While health focuses on individual, public health focuses on population based interventions and policies as well as individual approaches. Public health also pays particular attention towards vulnerable population and a basic commitment to health as a human right. Global health implies a global perspective on public health problems. It deals with the issues that people face in common irrespective of geographical boundaries. For some authorities in public health, they do not want to distinguish between public health and global health. According to this panel, global health is public health and public health is global health for the public good. In this course we will focus on global health as a part of public health and will not worry by the structured definition of global health.
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Selected Examples of Public Health Activities
Selected Examples of Global Health Issues
This slide talks about some examples of Public health and Global Health activities.
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Approaches of Public Health and Medicine
Modified from Harvard School of Public Health. About HSPH: Distinctions Between Public Health and Medicine. Available at: www.hsph.harvard.edu/about.html#publichealth . Accessed May 27, 2006.
It is very common to confuse between public health and medicine. The biggest difference between the medical and public health approach is that the later focuses on population whereas the former focuses on the health of the individual.
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Determinants of health
Measurement of health status
Importance of culture to health
Global burden of disease
Key risk factors
Demographic and epidemiologic transitions
Organization and function of health systems
Links among health, education, poverty and equity
Critical Global Health Concepts
In order to understand global health issues, we need to familiarize ourselves with some vocabulary and concepts. These concepts will be much clearer as we move forward.
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Low-income : $995 or less
Lower middle-income : $996 to $3,945
Upper middle-income : $3,946 to $12,195
High-income : $12,196 or above
Based on gross national income per person
Key Terms
In global health we will be mentioning low income, middle income and high income countries. The classification given here is used by World Bank, which divide countries in four income groups based on their gross national income per person.
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Millennium Development Goals and their Related Targets
Source: Data from Millennium Project: Goals, Targets, and Indicators. Available at http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/goals/gti.htm. Accessed
April 9, 2011.
The Millennium development goals (MDGs) were formulated in 2000 at the United Nations Millennium Summit. There are 8 MDGs and 15 core targets that relates to them.
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Millennium Development Goals and their Related Targets (cont’d)
Source: Data from Millennium Project: Goals, Targets, and Indicators. Available at http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/goals/gti.htm. Accessed
April 9, 2011.
The countries that signed the declaration pledged to meet the MDGs by 2015. All the 8 goals are relate to health
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Current goals: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2016
Source: http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2015/12/sustainable-development-goals-kick-off-with-start-of-new-year/#prettyPhoto
As 2015 comes to an end, and with it the 15-year cycle of the anti-poverty Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations officially will usher in – on 1 January 2016 – an even more ambitious set of goals to banish a whole host of social ills by 2030.
“They are a to-do list for people and planet, and a blueprint for success,” UN Secretary General added of the 17 goals and 169 targets to wipe out poverty, fight inequality and tackle climate change over the next 15 years.
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Video from NU library: Films on Demand
Disease warriors :
Smallpox Eradication Campaign (1:57) - http:// digital.films.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=655&xtid=44349&loid=122720
Victory over Smallpox (2:42) - http:// digital.films.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=655&xtid=44349&loid=122723
Small Pox eradication
Small pox eradication is the famous success story of public health. This triumph of public health is well known to anyone who works in public health. In this video we will see the eradication campaign and the last case of small pox in the world.
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