week 3 journal

Chapter 14

Hate Crimes

Case Example

Hate Crime

• 19- and 20-year-old

sentenced to 9 years for

the beating death of Luis

Ramirez

• Threatening, racial slurs

earlier

• Kicked in head until he

died

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Definitions

• Hate crime: Criminal conduct motivated in

whole or in part by a preformed negative

opinion or attitude toward a group based

on race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual

orientation, or disability

• Hate speech: Words that are used as

weapons to ambush, terrorize, wound,

humiliate, and degrade

Victims of Hate Crime—United States

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Hate Crime Legislation in the

United States • 1920s–1940s: Attempts made to enact statutes

to deter lynching of African Americans

• 1950s: Seven U.S. states adopted group libel statutes that addressed hate speech

• 1980s–1990s: Most U.S. states moved to criminalize actions motivated by hate

• Federal legislation: 1990: Hate Crime Statistics Act 1994: Hate Crime Sentencing Act 2000: Hate Crimes Prevention Act

Hate Crime Legislation in Canada

• Three provisions

– Advocating genocide

– Public incitement of hatred through

communication of statements in public

– Hate propaganda material intended for

distribution can be seized

Typology of Hate Crimes

• Race

• Religion

• Disability

• Gender

• Sexual Orientation

• Political

Typology of Offender Motivation

Suicide Bombing as Hate Crime

• Targeted use of self-destructing human beings

against civilian populations to effect political

change

• Primary targets are not those killed in the attack

but those who witness it

• Random attacks based on hatred toward a

particular group of people

• Outcomes in terms of fear are highly successful

Impact of Hate Crimes on Victims

• Try to be less visible and relocate to attempt to

reduce the possibility of further attacks

• Higher intrusive thoughts, anxiety, and anger

than victims whose assaults were not hate

based

• The severity of the assaults is significantly

higher than that of other assaults, and people

are more likely to require hospitalization

• Not only individuals but also communities