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VerbalCommunicationPPTMASTER1.pptx
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Definitions

Verbal Communication

Symbols

Functions of Verbal Communication

4 Rules for Verbal Communication

Phonology

Semantic Rules

Syntactics

Pragmatics

Spoken vs. Written Communication

Agenda

“A word is not a crystal, transparent

and unchanged;

It is the skin of a living thought,

and may very greatly in color and content

according to the circumstances

and time in which it is used”

Discussion: What do you think Homes meant with this quote?

Oliver Wendell Homes

Definitions

Verbal Communication and Symbols

Verbal Communication = an agreed-upon and rule-governed system of symbols used to share meaning

Verbal Communication is both oral/spoken language and non-oral/written

Verbal Communication

Symbols = arbitrary representations of thoughts, ideas, emotions, objects, or actions used to encode and decode meaning 

Symbols stand for, or represent, something else.

Symbols have three distinct qualities: they are arbitrary, ambiguous, and abstract

Symbols are arbitrary–- they have no direct relationship to the objects or ideas they represent

Symbols are ambiguous -- they have several possible meanings

Symbols are abstract = words are not material or physical

Symbols

I C O C ,

What is this?

DOG

If you move the letters around you get….

Discussion: What are some meanings for Dog?

Man’s best friend

Protector

Loyal friend

Another mouth to feed

Vicious attacker

Meanings for Dog…

For Some a dog means….

And for others it means…

The Functions of Verbal Communication

Verbal communication helps us define reality

We use verbal communication to define everything from ideas, emotions, experiences, thoughts, objects, and people – even dogs!

We use verbal communication to define ourselves

The language that you use to communicate verbally shapes who you are

Activity/Think about it: Think about how you define yourself—what words do you use? If you had to choose just one word to define yourself what would it be?

Functions of Verbal Communication

Verbal communication helps us organize complex ideas and experiences into meaningful categories

For example, we all organize the people in our lives into categories

We label these people with terms like, friends, acquaintances, romantic partners, family, peers, colleagues, and strangers

Functions of Verbal Communication

Verbal communication helps us think

Without verbal communication, we would not function as thinking beings

With language, we are able to reflect on the past, consider the present, and ponder the future.

We develop our memories using language

Think about it: Try recalling your first conscious memories.

Chances are, your first conscious memories formed around the time you started using verbal communication

Functions of Verbal Communicaiton

Verbal communication helps us shape our attitudes about our world

The way you use language shapes your attitude about the world around you

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf developed the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis to explain that language determines thought

People who speak different languages, or use language differently, think differently

For example, if a native English speaker had the exact same experiences in their life, but grew up speaking Chinese instead of English, their worldview would be different because of the different symbols used to make sense of the world

Discussion/Think about it:What do you think of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? Do you agree with this hypothesis-why or why not?

Functions of Verbal Communication

Four General Rules of Verbal Communication

1. Phonology = the study of speech sounds

What does the word sound like?

When we don’t follow phonological rules, confusion results

Example: the phrase “I love you”

How does this sound if you were spelling this out phonetically?

eye luv yoo

The Four General Rules of Verbal Communication

Researchers in London have found that the most popular first names for boys tend to contain larger sounding vowels that require speakers to pull their tongues down and open their mouths more, like the "o" sound in "Thomas."

The most popular girls names tend to have smaller, less open sounding vowels like the "e" in "Emily."

Last year, the top five baby names in the US

Boys: Jacob, Mason, Ethan, Noah and William

Girls: Sophia, Emma, Isabella, Olivia and Ava.

Overall, male names were far more likely to contain a big, open vowel sound, while female names were more likely to have smaller, more constricted vowels.

Discussion: Why do you think research is showing this trend?

Phonology and Naming

According to the researchers, western societies tend to think of taller, stronger men as more inherently masculine and successful

Whereas slimness is more desirable in women.

They believe that over time, those preferences may have also shaped what those same societies think of as male and female-sounding names.

"[Animals] can make judgments about the size and potential threat of other animals through the frequency of their call … larger animals are likely to be stronger, and because their vocal tract is bigger they make lower frequency calls"

Phonology and Naming

2. Semantics is the study of the meaning of words.

We attach meanings to words

meanings are not inherent in words themselves

because words are symbols, they are arbitrary and attain meaning only when people give them meaning.

All words have a dictionary definition that gives us the standardized definition, but words also have other meanings

Denotative meanings are the literal meanings of words—dictionary definition

Connotative meanings are the interpretive meanings of words based on our experiences and beliefs and can be quite varied

Example: “sick”

denotative definition = ill or unwell

Connotative meaning = ??

The Four General Rules of Verbal Communication

School

Justin Bieber

#

Denotative=dictionary definition

Connotative=the meanings and emotions associated

Activity/Think about it: Connotative and Denotative meanings for …

3. Syntax = the study of language structure and symbolic arrangement

The rules that govern word order

How we combine words into meaningful sentences and statements.

We speak and write according to agreed-upon syntactic rules to keep meaning coherent and understandable

Ex: I=subject Love=verb you=object

You don’t say “Love you I”…

…unless you are Yoda who inverts his syntax structure

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U0su-rW93Lk

The Four General Rules of Verbal Communication

4. Pragmatics = the study of how people actually use verbal communication

These are the rules or patterns of language use.

Contextual rules define the pragmatics appropriate for the communication situation

ex: you wouldn’t discuss the same topic at a funeral as your would at a bar…hopefully

Conversational rules govern the ways communicators organize and carry out conversations

Ex: turn taking in a conversation

The Four General Rules of Verbal Communication

Spoken vs. Written Communication

Discussion: What are the differences between spoken and written communication?

Formal vs. informal

we generally use spoken communication informally while we use written communication formally.

synchronous vs. asynchronous

spoken communication or speech is almost entirely synchronous (takes place in real time) while written communication is almost entirely asynchronous (communication that is not immediate and occurs over longer periods of time)

recorded vs. unrecorded

written communication is generally archived and recorded for later retrieval, while spoken communication is generally not recorded. 

Privacy

spoken is private while written, especially texting and other social media, is archived and not private.

Spoken vs. Written Communication