persuasive speech

Verbal Citations

When citing your sources within your speech, you provide your audience with information about the credibility of the sources you used to research your topic. Additionally, you avoid plagiarism in your presentation. When citing oral material, variety is important. Don’t introduce a piece of supporting evidence with “According to…” every time. Instead use variety when introducing elements into your presentation. Here are some examples:

Journal or Magazine Articles: You should include at least the name and date of publication.

• According to an August 3, 2014, article in Time magazine… • Jeff Kluger writes in an August 3, 2014, article in Time magazine that… • A study reported in the January 2014 issue of the New England Journal of

Medicine reports that… Newspapers: here include the name of the newspaper and the date of the article.

• According to an August 3, 2014, article in the New York times… • A New York Times article published on August 3, 2014, states that…

Interviews: To cite information from an interview that you conducted, cite the person’s name, his or her credentials, and when the interview took place.

• In a November 23, 2013, interview with Professor Steven Wilson, Ph.D., a family violence researcher at Purdue University, he states… To cite information from an interview from another source:

• Jane Jones, a volunteer with Doctors Without Boarders, said in an interview with the Washington Post published on February 3, 2013, that…

Web Sites: here cite the operator of the site, and if there is dated information, the date it appeared on the Web site.

• According to the World Health Organization, the January 2012 death rate was…

• The Bureau of Labor statistics published on February 3, 2014, that… News Releases: cite the agency issuing the release and the date it was released.

• Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels and three other governors with Toyota Motor Corp. operations … according to a news release from the governor’s office on May 4, 2014.