who can complete this assignment by Thursday, April 16th, 2020 by 11:00pm?

Final review paper--The paper should discuss a topic related to animal physiology drawn from the scientific literature. This is your opportunity to learn more about an aspect of animal physiology in great detail. Essentially, a "review" summarizes the scientific understanding of a general topic or subtopic. You want to provide an interesting synthesis of the topic. The best reviews will use a combination of older literature to provide a historical perspective on the topic and will also provide information from the most recent papers to illustrate advances on this topic. Perspective: A textbook is really just a giant "review" of the current literature! Consider that you will be writing a very specific chapter (or sub-section of a textbook chapter) on the topic of your choosing.

*You should take great care not to plagiarize by always synthesizing your review of a particular original research paper in your own words. (Please see the section at the end of this document on avoiding plagiarism).

The following website has some helpful hints on how to write a review paper:

http://www.uwlax.edu/biology/communication/ReviewPapers.html

Your paper should be roughly 10 pages long and include:

1) A title/title page (5 pts)

2) Introduction (20 pts)

3) Body (40 pts)

4) Conclusions and future directions (15 pts)

5) Literature cited (20 pts)

Review Paper Rubric Break Down:

Along with the following rubric, Writing should be clear, articulate and typo-free to be considered a perfect paper.

Title Page (5 points)

· A good title should concisely describe the topic area of the review. You may be "scientific" in your title accuracy (using physiology-related jargon) or you may be creative. Many review titles are written creatively, or in layman's terms, in order to compel readers outside of the field to read the review. I encourage you to look up reviews in physiology to compare and contrast title types.

· Also include your name, class, and lab section and the date.

Introduction (20 points)

· What historical research inspired this work? Find some papers that inspired the research of the focal paper.

· Why is this interesting?

· What is the goal of this review?

· Make sure you cite all introductory articles correctly (see "Literature Cited" section, below).

Body (40 points)

· What is the current state of the topic area?

· What new research has been done that refines or refutes the discoveries of your topic?

· Papers that you cite throughout may refine or refute highlights of your review article.

· Make sure you cite all journal articles correctly (see "Literature Cited" section, below).

· You may include up to 3 figures from other literature sources (NO WEBSITES OR REVIEWS) but please make sure that they are properly cited (under the figure and in the "Literature Cited" section.

· You may receive extra points for making your own figure synthesis! Many review articles do this (most with the help of a graphic artist).

· Your review should be well organized with major points flowing in an order that makes sense.

Conclusions (15 points)

· The conclusion should articulate your thoughts on the topic areas in a clear manner.

· The conclusions section should also describe future directions for this research topic. Based on your review, provide suggestions for what research might be done next to further develop the progression of ideas you have summarized.

· You may also need to cite papers in this section so make sure the format is correct, throughout.

Literature Cited (20 points)

Grading criteria for citations:

· Cite at the very least 8 research articles . NO WEBSITES OR REVIEWS. Books may be included AFTER the 8 research article quota are met but make sure you cite them correctly. (5 points)

· Use APA format. The following example uses the APA format for the journal citation:

Goldschneider, F. K., Waite, L. J., & Witsberger, C. (1986). Nonfamily living and the erosion of traditional family orientations among young adults. American Sociological Review, 51(4), 541-554.

· Put literature cited in alphabetical order and be consistent down to the punctuation used in each. Go through, painstakingly, to make sure that all elements of each review paper are cited correctly and consistently. (5 points)

· Make sure that the cited paper accurately describes the section of the paper where it was cited. I'll be spot-checking. (5 points).

· Make sure that you use acceptable citation format throughout the manuscript body (5 points). See the following website for reference:

http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2011/01/writing-in-text-citations-in-apa-style.html?_ga=2.201041902.1527685899.1520435603-2053305827.1520435603

· See this website for further details: http://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/apa/

**While I encourage you to look over actual reviews on your topic, please do not use review articles as citation sources in your paper or copy a published review papers format. Reviews are a synthesis of the current state of the researched primary literature that was written by a potentially biased or incomplete perspective, so if you cite a review, you are just taking the reviewers word for a particular finding and many reviewers misinterpret the data. This task is to make you draw your own conclusions on the state of the research, even if you are wrong.

*Tips on avoiding plagiarism:

Paraphrase - Read a paper or a section of the paper that has the concept that you want to communicate. Look away from the paper and then write it in your own words. Refer back to the original paper and if your writing is too similar, change it. If you use more than two words in a row from the original paper, it must be put into quotations. Use a thesaurus and use your own writing style. This is a great exercise and should always be done when writing. Never copy and past from your own writings. This is self plagiarism and it is not acceptable. Once you’ve written it, it's an original piece of work and should not be copied. As a rule, the more you force yourself to re-write (even the same exact methods), the better the description gets each time and the better you get a writing.

Cite - After paraphrasing, the work must be cited at the end of the sentence or section referring to the original article. This is one of the most effective ways to avoid plagiarism. Use the APA format for citations within the text and in your reference section. Citing is really that simple. Not citing properly can constitute plagiarism.

As a note - strive to cite original papers. Your Literature Cited section should contain predominantly original research articles, from historic articles to the most recent articles in the topic. A scholar should interpret original data for himself. However, citing a review article may be necessary in the case of well established topics and concepts.

Quote - If a particular concept or hypothesis needs to be included verbatim, use quotes followed by a proper reference. When quoting a source use the quote exactly as it appears. Block quotes (of 40 words or more) are unacceptable under most circumstances. A scholar should be able to effectively paraphrase most material. This process takes time but the effort pays off.

For other resources on the topic of plagiarism see:

http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k70847&pageid=icb.page342057