Discussion Question
cboyer17
UTF-8New2BWorld2BWar2BI_1_.pptxProfessor Tomiko Meeks
World War I The Home Front
World War I 1914-1918
Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia, Serbia and Belgium)
Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary)
26M people die
WWI ushered in a new wave of violence in the 20th century
1917 Russian Revolution
Will lead the WWII
Then the Cold War
Which will lead to the Korean War, Vietnam Conflict, and the Afghan Wars
There is debate about WWI leading to the rise of the Nazis and therefore leading to the Holocaust
WWII will cause the rise of communist governments
BIG IDEA: World War I is a big deal
What caused WWI
View 1
"Germany caused the war.“
Minimalist view
Middle view
Total blame view
View 2
Russia, or Serbia, or Britain, or France, or Austria caused the war.
View 3
Crisis mode caused the war
View 4
Volatile military situation caused the war
View 5
Cancerous nationalism fueled expansionism throughout Europe, causing the war
Background
The Powers' relative strength
They ranked as follows:
(1) Germany;
(2) Britain;
(3) Russia;
(4) France;
(5) Austria-Hungary;
(6) Serbia.
Social structure and domestic politics in Europe, 1890-1914
Oligarchy and fears of upheaval in Europe
Militarism
Self-glorifying nationalist myths in the schools
Lack of independent scholarship.
The nature of war was changing
The rise of mass armies and the mobilization system
The rise of the power of the defensive on the battlefield:
The growth of the "cult of the offensive" and offensive war plans
Question: What war plans would have made the most sense for each power? Once at war, what was the best way for each side to fight?
We are not ready!!!
Selective Service Act 1917
There were three waves of registration
June 5, 1917, all men between the ages of 21 and 31
June 5, 1918, for those who were 21 after June 5, 1917 and a supplement to this was for men who turned 21 after June 5, 1918
September 12, 1918 for men age 18 through 45
Different from other drafts because you could not substitute your service like in the Civil War
Effects by the end of the war approximately 2.8 million men had been drafted. This means that over half of the men who fought in WWI were drafted, about 2 million volunteered
The army needs stuff to fight this war
Patriotism
Big Idea!
Federal government mobilizes the war effort and imposes regulation and oversight on all aspects of American Society.
War Industries Board
Established production priorities
Allocated scarce resources
Standardized production
Food Administration Posters
Created by Herbert Hoover
Oversees production of wheat and meat to ensure supplies are available for allies and troops
Fuel Administration
Control fuel consumption
This agency created daylight savings time
National War Labor Board
Mediates disputes between labor and management
Union grow during this period
The Work Force Grows
What’s really going on?!?
Federal governments power is increasing, so we can fight the war more efficiently
Big Idea –
This is a total war on the battle field and the home front
Committee on Public Information
George Creel
Manipulating Minds
Liberty Bonds
Demonizing the enemy
Robert Prager
German born immigrant
Worked as a coal miner
Lynched 1918, accused of working for the Germans
US ban on all things German
WWI Impact on African Americans
Segregation
Why do African Americans fight?
Belief in what Wilson says – he is making the world safe for democracy?
W.E.B. Du Bois supported the war effort as a victory would improve life for Blacks in the US
Opportunities open for African Americans to enlist because we stop European immigration to the United States
Military opportunities
Job opportunities
Segregated Troops
New York’s famous 369th regiment arriving home from France
Great Migration
Jacob Lawrence
Race Riots
Riots in Chicago 1919
Women
Why did the war start in the first place?
European reasons
United States reasons
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife on June 28, 1914
European nations were engaged in arms race
Industrial revolution sparked a wave of Nationalism
Europe is divided into two camps by 1914
Triple Alliance – Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary
Triple Entente – Britain, France, and Russia
Trade!!!
May 7, 1915 German U boat sunk the British ocean liner RMS Lusitania
Zimmermann Telegram – 1917 secret telegram sent to Mexico promising portions of U.S. land in return for Mexico joining WWI against the US
WWI ends November 1918
Wilson in France
Fourteen Points
This was a war to prevent future wars
No secret treaties
Freedom of the seas
New nations have the right to self determination
THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
Fourteen Points
Germany you must pay
