2-3 page assignment excluding cover page and reference page, APA FORMAT, Doctorate level

Approach

Disciplinary Roots

Focus of Central Research Question

Unique Terminology

Primary Data Sources

Sampling Issues

Analysis Plan Guidelines

References

Basic Qualitative Inquiry

Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology

1. How do individuals in different cultures interpret and respond to similar experiences?

2. How can we better understand the impact of social structures on people's behavior and thinking?

3. What factors influence the adoption of certain beliefs and behaviors within a given society?

Cross-cultural Interpretation, Social Structures, Belief Adoption

Interviews, Focus Groups, Observations

stratified sampling can be used to ensure a balanced representation of the population.

Qualitative analysis should be performed in order to uncover the underlying meanings and interpretations of individuals’ responses.

Busetto et.al., 2020

Pandey & Pandey, 2021

Castleberry & Nolen, 2018

Qualitative Case Study

Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology

1. How do individuals in a particular social context interpret and react to a certain event or situation?

2. What can be learned from examining a specific case about broader social processes?

3. What unique insights can be gained from analyzing a single case study in detail?

Social Context, Event Analysis, Broader Social Processes

Interviews, Document Analysis, Observations

Select individuals who are most directly involved in the situation being studied, such as those who are directly affected by the event or situation. the case studies.

Qualitative analysis should be used to examine the experiences and perspectives of those involved in discourse analysis.

Charmaz & Thornberg, 2021

Busetto et.al., 2020

Grounded Theory and Realism

Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology

1. How do people interpret their environment and the social structures that shape it?

2. What are the implications of different interpretations of reality for behavior and decision making?

3. How can we develop a clearer understanding of how people interact with their environment?

Reality Interpretation, Environment Interaction, Decision-making Dynamics

Open Coding, Memoing Interviews, Observations Developing theory through data analysis, triangulation, and theoretical saturation.

Select individuals who are most directly affected by the social structures being studied.

Grounded theory analysis should be used to examine the experiences and perspectives of those involved in the study.

Lambert, 2019

De et.al., 2019

Phenomenology and Heuristic Inquiry

Philosophy, Psychology, Humanities

1. How do people experience and interpret their everyday lives?

2. How can we better understand the subjective meanings that people attach to their lived experiences?

3. What can we learn from examining the ways in which people view their own lives?

Everyday Experiences, Subjective Meanings, Lived Interpretations

Phenomenological Reduction, Heuristic Inquiry Interviews, Experiential Reflections, Visual Representations.

select individuals who are most likely to have meaningful experiences.

Examining the lived experiences of participants, and developing an understanding of the phenomenon

Phenomenological analysis should be used to examine the individual meaning attributed to everyday experiences. The analysis can be done through bracketing, horizontalization and descriptive analysis.

Ang, 2022

Runyan et al., 2022

Tolibas & Lydia, 2022

Approach

Disciplinary Roots

Focus of Central Research Question

Unique Terminology

Primary Data Sources

Sampling Issues

Analysis Plan Guidelines

References

Social Constructivism and Narrative Inquiry

Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology

1. How do people construct meaning through the stories they tell about their lives?

2. How can we better understand how individuals define their identity and how this is shaped by their culture?

3. What are the implications of people constructing their own personal narratives?

Storytelling, Identity Formation, Personal Narratives

Narrative Analysis, Discourse Analysis Interviews, Story-telling, Document Analysis

Select individuals who are most likely to have meaningful experiences and who can provide insight into the cultural context being studied.

Narrative analysis should be used to uncover the cultural, social, and personal meanings attributed to experiences.

Wittmayer et.al., 2019

Fitzgerald, 2020

Systems Theory

Mathematics, Computer Science, Psychology

1. How do complex systems interact with each other and what is the impact of these interactions?

2. How can we better understand the dynamics of how these systems evolve over time?

3. What are the implications of different types of systems and how they interact with each other??

What are the system’s boundaries and interrelationships, and how do these affect perspectives about how and why the system functions as it does?

System Interactions, Dynamics Evolution, System Interplay

Simulation models, empirical data, mathematical models

Sampling should focus on the systems being studied and should take into account the complexity of the interactions between these systems.

Systems analysis should be used to examine the dynamics of the interactions between the systems being studied.

Preiser et.al., 2020

Khoo, 2018

Ethnography and Autoethnography

Anthropology, Sociology, Cultural Studies.

1. How do people in different cultures create and maintain their own identities?

2. How can we better understand the different social, cultural, and economic structures that shape the lives of individuals?

3. What are the implications of cultural identities for people's behavior and decision making?

Cultural Identities, Social Structures, Behavior Implications

Interviews, focus groups, participant observation, document analysis through data coding, thematic analysis, and discursive analysis.

Select individuals who are most likely to have meaningful experiences and who can provide insight into the cultural context being studied.

Examining the culture and practices of the group, and identifying the meanings that people attach to their identities

Ethnographic analysis should be used to uncover the cultural, social, and personal meaning attributed to experiences.

Lewis & Kirmayer (2019).

Moisander et.al.,2020

Interactive and Participatory Qualitative Applications

Technology, Psychology, Media Studies

1. How do individuals interact with technology and how does this impact their experiences?

2. What can we learn from examining the ways in which people engage with digital media?

3. How can we better understand the effects of technology on people's behavior and thinking?

Technology Interaction, Digital Engagement, Technology Effects

Interviews, focus groups, surveys, observation

select individuals who are most likely to have meaningful experiences and who can provide insight into the technology being studied

Qualitative analysis should be used to examine the experiences and perspectives of those involved in the study. The analysis can be done through content analysis, thematic analysis, or discourse analysis.

Neuendorf, 2018

Kyngäs, 2020