Developmental Stages of Writing.

Writing Traits

According to Culham (2003), the 6 +1 Writing Traits provide not only an approach for

direct instruction of writing but a shared vocabulary among teachers. This shared

vocabulary assists teachers during assessment sessions. In addition, the shared

vocabulary heightens classroom instruction. Teachers and students hold conversations

about effective use of particular writing traits identified in the student writing samples.

Lastly, a shared vocabulary promotes consistent assessment language used to guide

writing instruction.

Writing Trait Definition

Ideas The main message

Organization The internal structure of a piece

Voice The personal tone and flavor of the

author’s message

Word Choice The vocabulary a writer chooses to convey

meaning

Sentence Fluency The rhythm and flow of the language

Conventions The mechanical correctness

Presentation How the writing actually looks on the page

© 2014 Laureate Education, Inc. Page 1 of 2

There are three advantages of trait-based writing (Culham, 2003).

• Captures the qualities of what good writing looks like

• Provides a common vocabulary for talking about writing

• Allows students to become self-evaluators (p. 13)

Overall, 6+1 Writing Traits supports effective writing to communicate thought. Teachers

provide direct instruction that reinforces the writing traits. They apply specific feedback

within a common language so that students can continue to refine their writing skills.

Lastly, a community of writers is developed that supports high-quality writing.

© 2014 Laureate Education, Inc. Page 2 of 2