personal growth paper
fadoo
UppersDownersAllArounders-8thEdition-CH8.pptx8.1 - Prevention approaches come in many packages. Prevention efforts are done in an attempt to limit the costs and damages to society. Chile has learned that advertising the harm caused by tobacco on each package sold effectively reduces its use.
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8.2 - The US spends most of its funds on supply reduction: intercepting precursor chemicals and drugs. Less is spent on demand reduction and it’s various strategies including, education and treatment. Harm reduction is about engaging the using population to keep them from further harm; e.g., needle exchange lessens the likelihood of spreading hepatitis C and AIDS.
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8.3 - The end of prohibition eliminated the smuggling and production of illegal alcohol which allowed the government to collect taxes. It also improved the quality of production eliminating batches of poisonous liquor which was known as bath tub gin. Prohibition did have many positive effects. Hospitalizations for alcohol related problems, liver disease, legal costs for alcohol related crime and per-capita alcohol consumption all decreased during the 13 years of prohibition in the U.S.
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8.4 - Many schools collect normative assessment surveys to dispel the myths about how much and how often students are drinking. The number of people who drink and their frequency of use is usually over estimated; the hope is that by publishing correct information drinking on campus will in effect decline because students will realize they don’t have to keep up with the alcohol use trends of mythical students.
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8.5 - Primary prevention programs can be targeted at school aged children consistent with their stage of development. Younger, preadolescent curriculi are focused on developing skills that will help children better resist use and process life issues without drugs.
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8.6 - Law enforcement tries to eliminate substances (illicit drugs) that have not been created under rigorous manufacturing standards or those which produce negative consequences even when used as directed (controlled prescription drug regulations).
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8.7 – Although addiction is a medical disorder, often times substance abusers are incarcerated for crimes they committed to enable themselves to purchase drugs. These would include burglary, driving under the influence, forgery, prostitution, armed robbery, theft and domestic violence.
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8.8 – Research indicates that addiction to be age related. The younger a person is to start using addictive substances, the more likely they are to suffer addiction. Those who start using at age 10-12 are 4 to 5 times more likely to become an addict than those who first started at age 17-18. Those who wait until they are in their mid 20’s are 17 to 19 times less likely to develop addiction than those who started at age 10-12.
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8.9 – By providing clean sterile injection devices needle exchange programs, although controversial, engage injection drug users in a relationship with treatment providers in an effort to build trust. While that is occurring the users are reducing the likelihood of contracting a needle related infection (i.e. AIDS or Hepatitis) which is more virulent than their addiction.
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8.10 - Alcohol use in all stages of pregnancy is teratogenic (causes developmental malformations); but it is especially dangerous in the first trimester of pregnancy when the development and organization of the brain is occurring. Unfortunately many women are not totally aware that they are pregnant during the first three months (first trimester).
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8.11 – Since all psychoactive drugs violate the blood brain barrier, the most protective barriers of the human body, they easily violate the less effective placental barrier to get into a developing fetus’ body.
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8.12 – Fetal exposure to other psychoactive substances have also been associated with abnormal development.
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8.13 - Second hand smoke has small amounts of nicotine but four times the amount of carcinogens found in inhaled smoke. It is estimated that 40,000 to 50,000 Americans die each year from second hand smoke; this is the equivalent of one none-smoker death for every eight smokers deaths due to second hand smoke exposure.
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8.14 - Although there are labels on bottles about drinking and pregnancy, fetal alcohol syndrome is still the number one cause of mental retardation.
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8.15 - With the legalization of marijuana, it’s perceived danger has decreased causing an increase in experimentation and use; even in states where it has not been legalized. By 2014 four states (CO, WA, OR, AK) and Washington DC has legalized recreational use of marijuana and 23 states have legalized medical marijuana implying that it is not harmful. Marijuana use by adolescents continues to increase in response.
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8.16 – Although use of cigarettes and alcohol by high school seniors has been steadily declining since 1978 the use of marijuana in this population has been rising since 1990. Some have linked this to the legalization and promotion of medical marijuana.
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8.17 – Alcohol can be misused to self-medicate preexisting emotional or behavioral problems. Heavy drinking can also cause problems that were not present before beginning use.
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8.18 – Studies continue to demonstrate that merely delaying first use of alcohol and addictive drugs reaps great prevention benefits.
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8.19 – Specific behavioral and emotional problems are well documented to last through adulthood in children exposed to alcohol or drug problems of their parents. This is known as the adult child of an alcoholic (or addict) syndrome.
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8.20 – Mild to moderate alcohol use can act to lower inhibitions and promote sexual interest but high levels of use and alcoholism result in severe sexual dysfunction and even disinterest.
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8.21 - One study of sexual assault reported the use of drugs and or alcohol in 51 percent of cases. Use makes perpetrators become more aggressive in committing acts of domestic violence. Victims are more likely to use drugs or alcohol to numb out their pain and emotional trauma that result from such acts.
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8.22 – Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) like HIV/AIDS, hepatitis and syphilis have been transmitted by the sharing of injection syringes between addicts. Abscesses, vein/blood infections and horrendous scarring result from injecting street drugs.
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8.23 – Prevention efforts targeted at HIV infection have been effective in minimizing new infections. Effective medical treatment of AIDS continues to increase resulting in the increasing number of Americans living with the disease.
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