personal growth paper
fadoo
UppersDownersAllArounders-8thEdition-CH4.pptx4.1 - Opiates, sedative hypnotics, and alcohol used in combination are a major cause of overdose deaths. Chapter 4 focuses on opiates and sedative hypnotics. Chapter 5 will be dedicated to alcohol.
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4.2 - Deaths from prescription drugs now exceed deaths from fatal car crashes. In the U.S. most of these prescription drug deaths are due to opiate/opioid painkiller medications.
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4.3 – As sales of prescription opiate/opioid painkillers increase, so do deaths and addiction treatments from their use.
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4.4 - Opiates are particularly effective in treating pain from burns and broken bones.
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4.5 - Although the majority of the worlds heroin supply comes from Afghanistan most of the heroin found in the United States comes from Mexico in the form of “tar heroin”.
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4.6 - 80 percent of the opioid medication produced in the world is consumed in the United States.
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4.7 – Opiates/opioids decrease the sensation of pain in the body because they mimic the effect of its natural endorphins/enkephalins that suppress the activity of pain neurons in the brain.
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4.8 - There is a growing appreciation as to why opiates don’t work as well as once thought; this can be explained by hyperalgesia, hyperpathia, allodynia and hyperkatifeia. Pain neurons adapt to the opiates to actually cause more pain after long term use of opiates.
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4.9 - Allodynia is a painful response to a normally innocuous stimulus. This response often happens to people who abuse opiates and experience touch as an over amplified pain response.
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4.10 – Opiates stimulate the pupil ciliary muscles to cause miosis or constriction and small pupil size. Amphetamines cause mydriasis or relaxation of the ciliary muscle to dilate pupils. These effects are not responsive to how much light the pupils are exposed to,
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4.11 – Use of benzodiazepine or other sedatives with opiates/opioids result in a synergistic (exaggerated) toxic effect on the body.
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4.12 - Babies born to opiate addicts go into withdrawal symptoms within six to eight hours of birth; these symptoms can last from five to eight weeks. Infants in withdrawal can die.
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4.13 - Needle related infections include cellulites, MRSA (methicillin resistant staph. A. infection), necrotizing fasciitis and of course hepatitis C and AIDS.
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4.14 – Drug trafficking results in enormous profits. $8,000 of raw opium in Columbia results in $12,675,750 in income from sales of street heroin.
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4.15 – Profits from legal sales of prescription opioids result in enormous profits for pharmaceutical companies.
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4.16 - There is a new type of Narcan, an inter nasal spray that is being used by first responders; especially police and street outreach programs to prevent the increasing number of opiate/opioid deaths.
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4.17 - Drug synergism potentiates (exaggerates) the strength of both downer drugs when taken together because the liver can only metabolize one toxin at time allowing the other chemical to pass into the blood stream at full strength.
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4.18 – Withdrawal from a short-acting drug will be completed in a few weeks whereas a long-acting drug’s withdrawal may take several months.
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