MISS Pro

this letter, Dr. King indicates that he has almost reached a regrettable conclusion about what people are proving to be an obstacle to Civil Rights work towards a more equitable society for African-Americans.

Which of the following groups was he talking about?

a. Members of the group the White Citizens' Councils or the Citizens' Councils, an associated network of white supremacist, extreme right organizations in the US, once concentrated in the South.

b. Members of the Ku Klux Klan (the Klan or the KKK), an American white supremacist hate group, known for targeting African Americans, Jewish Americans and Catholics as well as advocating for extreme responses including white nationalism and the "purification" of American society.

c. White clergymen who exhibit shallow understanding and lukewarm acceptance.

d. White moderates who demonstrate more commitment to "order" than to justice, are most concerned about an absence of tension by saying things like "I agree with your goals of justice but not direct action" and advocates for "more convenient" protests.

e. Options A & B

f. Options C & D

At different points, Dr. King writes that he is "cognizant of the interrelatedness of all communities and states" and recognizes that "injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere." He also says that he is a part of "an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly."

Which of the following statements puts these thoughts into the context of what we have discussed in this course thus far?

a. Injustice based on race and ethnicity is best handled by the laws even if it is unjust. Doing so helps avoid conflict and tension that feels like a better fit with moral law.

b. Injustice based on race and ethnicity is different based on where it happens and who it happens to. Discrimination is an individual challenge that is best addressed as individual instances. There is nothing systematic about it.

c. Regardless of how it appears, injustice based on race and ethnicity hurts any- and everyone in the community in which it exists. The harm is present and felt, albeit in different ways, for those who think they benefit as well as those who do not.

d. All of the statements above.

e. None of the statements above.

According to sociology, what is a rigid and unfair generalization about an entire category of people with little or no evidence called?

*hint: it can frequently take the form of stereotypes...

a. Racism b.discrimination c. normal d.prejudice

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In this course segment, we discussed Colorblind Racism.1 2 Colorblind racism refers to an ideology that evolved after US racial segregation which asserts that the best way to end racial discrimination is to treat individuals as equally as possible, without any regard to race, culture, or ethnicity.

On the surface, this can sound like a good thing. However, sociologists point out that such "blindness" allows society to:

1. ignore the disadvantages associated with specific racial identification/designation,

2. justify keeping the current social order as is, and

3. help those with advantages built on race feel more comfortable with their relatively privileged standing in society.3

Bonilla-Silva highlights that race does matter, as it affects opportunities, perceptions, income, and more. Additionally, colorblindness encourages us to think about race-related problems as an individual issue, conflict or shortcoming rather than something that has evolved from larger, systematic differences, stereotypes, and values represented in the SCLF. Though well-meaning, colorblindness often comes from a lack of awareness about privileges associated with Whiteness and/or class.4 It is easier to use one of the frames of colorblindness when the impact of race provides advantages.

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1Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2006. “The Central Frames of Color-blind Racism” in Racism Without Racists: Color-blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States. 2nd ed. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers) 25-52.

2(online) Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo and Inc ebrary. 2014. “The Central Frames of Color-blind Racism” in Racism Without Racists: Color-blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America. 4th ed. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers) 25-52.

3Fryberg, S. M. 2010. "When the World Is Colorblind, American Indians Are Invisible: A Diversity Science Approach." Psychological Inquiry, 21(2), 115-119.

4Tarca, K. 2005. "Colorblind in Control: The Risks of Resisting Difference Amid Demographic Change." Educational Studies, 38(2), 99-120.

Below are several short statements.

Which statement is TRUE, based on our discussion of colorblind racism?

Group of answer choices

Statement #1: The abstract liberalism frame uses ideas associated with political and economic liberalism in an abstract manner to explain racial matters. This includes rationalizing racial unfairness in the name of equal opportunity, defending racial privilege (usually indirectly) and avoiding "government force" of racial equity.

Statement #2: The naturalization frame allows people with racial privilege to explain away racial phenomena by suggesting that they are forced and unnatural occurrences.

Statement #3: The cultural racism frame groups races together and relies on culturally based arguments to explain the standing of minorities in society.

Statement #4: Users of the minimization of racism frame suggest that discrimination is a central factor affecting minorities’ life choices.

Statements #1 & 3

Statements #2 & 4

All of these

None of these

The following questions are based on the class discussion concerning the Sociocultural Legal Framework.

Based on the class discussion concerning the Sociocultural Legal Framework, which of the following statements are TRUE?

Group of answer choices

Legal institutions are the fastest way to create social and/or cultural change.

Our culture has the most influence on how change happens.

Social institutions are concerned with the ways that we fit into and operate in our environments.

All of these statements are TRUE..

All of these statements are FALSE.

Are the following statements about the SCLF and colorblindness true or false?

Understanding the SCLF and how it works helps us understand how ideologies are developed. If we understand how ideologies are developed, then we can also understand the ways that phenomena like colorblindness influence ideologies as well.

Group of answer choices

True

False

These questions concern the documentary film, 13th.

According to 13th, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Group of answer choices

The thirteenth amendment of the United States Constitution reads:

“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”

The loophole created by the 13th Amendment has since been used as a political tool impacting the rate of mass incarceration and the ways specific people are criminalized. The loophole can be thought of as directly linking slavery to today’s prison-industrial complex.

Although slavery was abolished in 1865, the thirteenth amendment legally embeds a form of enslavement into American institutions.

All of these statements are FALSE.

None of these statements is FALSE.

According to 13th, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Group of answer choices

Immediately following the Civil War, African Americans were arrested in large numbers only for major crimes to ensure that the economic system of free labor in the South could remain intact. Culturally, this era also saw the beginning of a “mythology of black criminality” that persists today.

By the end of the Jim Crow era and the Civil Rights movement, the US saw legal segregation's end and introduction of the Voting Rights Act. Efforts to ensure racial control changed. Instead of such open violence and discrimination racially-coded rhetoric of “law and order” and the “war on crime" became popular because it protected people of color.

Here are some of the political strategies:

· Nixon’s “Southern Strategy” was a thinly veiled effort to harm black communities and appeal to white voters.

· The war on drugs specifically targeted communities of color, demonstrated by the sentencing disparities for crack (concentrated in poorer, urban communities) and powder cocaine (concentrated in wealthier, suburban and urban areas).

· "Tough on crime” political strategy was fueled by racially-based fears of Black Americans as “super-predators.”

· legislation such as “three strikes, you’re out,” mandatory minimum sentencing, and the 1994 crime bill providing financial incentives for expanding and filling prisons.

These all contributed to the 2016 statistic that far fewer Black men are imprisoned than were enslaved in 1850.

All of these statements are TRUE..

None of these statements is TRUE.