Unit 1 Literature Review

Running Head: LITERATURE REVIEW 1

Literature Review

Donald Lipford

Research Method

Professor Senft

Columbia Southern University

12/14/20

LITERATURE REVIEW 2

Literature Review

In recent times, research has been conducted with the purpose of estimating the revelation of

municipal household waste workers toward the diesel particulate matter. The key focus of this

research has been on some key elements of waste used as indicators. For instance, most previous

research was done by utilizing common elements as indicators, including total carbon, organic

carbon, elemental carbon, particulate matter, and black carbon to determine the exposure and

relation between the indicators. Moreover, the estimation of optimal indicators for DPM was also

required and understand what factors are going to impact personal exposure to DPM. To proceed

with the study they employed about 72 workers for 5 different companies with MHW collection.

They were assessed for about a week, and afterward, their EC/OC samples were collected and

investigated through real-time aethalometer monitors and laser photometer. After analyzing the

data collected from the results on basis of OC, BC, PM 2.5, and TC concentrations were noted

down. It was concluded that the two major factors for the exposure risk to the worker were the

tome, and speed of exposure (Lee et al., 2020).

Columbia University was looking to find out a similar connection. According to National

Geographic, a team of researchers is preparing an in-depth study to assess the health effects of air

pollution on pigs in metropolitan areas. Volunteers were provided with air quality monitors and

GPS trackers that will check the amount of contamination from moment to minute. The blood

pressure monitor and biometric shirt measured the changes in their heart and lung activity while

riding a motorcycle in the city. Health experts already know that fine particulate matter (including

things like black carbon and nitrogen oxides) emitted from car leaves is a serious health issue: the

risk of heart and lung disease from long-term exposure(J. Murillo Escobar et al., 2019).

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They can be exposed to strenuous activity such as biking or jogging near traffic. The available data

on these hazards show that a certain concentration of contamination will not be effective unless the

subjects spend hours breathing at a time. But Colombian researchers believe the exhibition is

dynamic and depends on the city, the traffic, and its location. Another study from the Harvard

School of Public Health found that dedicated motorcycle lanes, as opposed to road lanes, could

reduce the number of plants that are connected. In particular, cyclists are prevented from stopping

at traffic lights, where they can get large amounts of food from working nearby vehicles. Riders

who do not have this option can take advantage of avoiding large diesel vehicles and working

hours.

In a study published in 2014, Motisharai and his team said that two factors that affect

environmental stress and economic classification. Environmental stress is a well-known way of a

potential catastrophe such as forests, soil, and fisheries. According to Norwegian Renders, an

author of 2052''A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years'' and an honorary professor at the BI

Norwegian Business, It will not work because a short-term solution to this problem is more

expensive than acting as usual. "The climate problem is going to get worse because we haven't

fully fulfilled the promises we made in the Paris Agreement and other agreements," he said.

In a very recent announcement reported on 2 December 2020, Prime Minister of New Zealand,

Jacinda Ardern, introduced the resolution in parliament, and a large number of lawmakers voted in

favor after an hour-long debate. The decision took place on basis of the report on climate change,

which demanded a 45 percent reduction in carbon emissions by 2023. By 2025, the rate will have

to be reduced to zero to avoid a 1.5-degree rise in global temperatures. New Zealand is now one of

32 countries, which includes Japan, Canada, France, and the United Kingdom that have launched

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similar efforts to combat climate change and have declared a climate emergency (Palmieri &

Baker, 2020).

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References

J. Murillo Escobar, J.P. Sepulveda Suescun, M.A. Correa, D. Orrego-Metaute, & et al. (2019).

Forecasting concentrations of air pollutants using support vector regression improved with

particle swarm optimization: A case study in Aburrá Valley, Colombia. (2019), 29(2212-

0955). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2019.100473

Lee, K., Jung, Park, Ryu, Kim, & Ha et al. (2020). Occupational Exposure to Diesel Particulate

Matter in Municipal Household Waste Workers. Ideas.repec.org. Retrieved 4 December

2020, from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0135229.html.

Palmieri, S., & Baker, K. (2020). Localizing Global Norms: The Case of Family-Friendly

Parliaments. Parliamentary Affairs, (gsaa050). https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsaa050