Unit III Eco HW

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What steps have been taken to protect the ecosystem in Alaska to protect salmon fisheries?

		Limits on the number of new fishing operations, and monitoring salmon populations
		Allowing fishing at any time of year instead of just during the summer, and with smaller nets
		Gave a bonus to fisherman who sell their bycatch, and who kill fewer dolphins
		Licenses that allow only a specific number of Atlantic Salmon and smaller nets

Which kind of fish are especially vulnerable to overfishing?

		Catfish
		Sardines
		Snapper
		Crabs

Which of the following best describes the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)?

		MSC is a governmental organization responsible for the monitoring of marine ecosystems.
		MSC is a regulating body that approves design of both fishing techniques and fishing boats.
		MSC is an organization that certifies seafood from sustainable fisheries.
		MSC is a non-profit organization that funds marine science research.

Bycatch greatly affects all but which of the following?

		Marine mammals
		Sea turtles
		Krill (an important food source for whales)
		Sea birds

How does most of the damage to the seafloor occur through commercial fishing?

		Boat propellers digging into coral reefs
		Heavy fishing gear that drags across the seafloor
		Boat anchors that drag along the seafloor
		Digging organisms no longer having predators to control their populations due to fishing

What does the acronym MPA represent?

		Marine Protection Association
		Maritime Protection Area
		Marine Protected Area
		Maritime Protected Area

About how much of the world's total fisheries production is estimated to be illegally harvested?

		77%
		Half
		64%
		One-fifth

What does an ecosystem approach to fisheries management include?

		A focus on just the keystone species of an ecosystem
		Licensing fishermen to fish only in specific ecosystems
		A focus on sustaining whole ecosystems; emphasizing interactions among species in the environment
		Factoring in the land, the rivers and the oceans

How are species like dolphins and marine turtles most affected by overfishing?

		They end up with nothing to eat.
		They are caught in nets as by-catch.
		They are hit by moving boats.
		They are canned and sold as delicacies.

How is the ecosystem most adversely impacted by shrimp fisheries?

		There are fewer shrimp for dolphins to eat
		There is an extraordinary amount of bycatch
		Trawlers stir up food for sea birds
		Invasive shrimp species are introduced to new habitats

Which is NOT a problem when it comes to escaped farmed species?

		The escapee might compete with natives species for mates
		The escapee might compete with native species for food
		The escapee might compete with native species for habitat
		The escapee might compete with the native species for dissolved oxygen

Aquaculture can be made more sustainable by:

		raising free range and pen-free salmon.
		using sustainable feed and raising fish that are not wholly dependent on wild food sources.
		raising shrimp and salmon in the same system.
		using genetically modified sources of feed.

Which seafood organisms might be a better choice for farming and why?

		Mussels and oysters; because they are filter feeder that clean the water and do not need supplemental feeding
		Bluefin tuna; because of their extraordinary growth rate and high reproductive rate
		Salmon; because they can eat a wide variety of foods
		Young eels; because they are small, taking up little space and have low nutritional requirements

What is the problem with some farmed fish being carnivores?

		They require a wild source of food that must be caught by fishing
		They will eat one another
		They can chew through their enclosures
		Carnivores are less desirable and have a lower market value

How are wild fish processed and used for something other than human food?

		They are turned into base ingredients for make-up and other beauty products
		They are processed into fishmeal and fish oil
		Calcium from fish bones is extracted and used in the production of silicon chip wafers
		Calcium from fish bones are used to in osteoporosis therapies

Which two methods are most damaging to seafloor habitat?

		Bottom trawls and dredges
		Boat seines and pots
		Boat seines and dredges
		Pots and bottom trawls

Which of the following is NOT a way that longlining can be made safer for non-target species?

		Adding streamers
		Setting lines deeper
		Using J-shaped hooks
		Using circle hooks

Why are fish-aggregating devices (FADs) a problem?

		FADs poison fish that swim near them
		Whales may inhale them and suffocate
		FADs are dangerous to sea turtles
		FADs attract both target and non-target species

Why is fish farming an issue for wild populations genetically?

		Genetically weaker fish may escape and mix with wild populations
		Wild fish may get into pens, breed with hatchery fish and take those poor genes to wild populations
		Wild fish become dependent on genetically inferior feed that falls out of the submersible pens
		Prey items for wild populations become genetically enhanced due to fewer predators

Which two aquaculture methods can be carried out inland (away from oceans or large bodies of water)?

		Shellfish cultures and raceways
		Ponds and recirculating systems
		Suspended cultures and ponds
		Open pens and raceways

Consider at least three seafood items that you, members of your family, or perhaps your friends commonly eat that appear on the Seafood Watch guides. What are they? Are they "best choices", "good alternatives", or ones to "avoid"? Do they perhaps fall into more than one category? If so, why? If not, why might some items fall into more than one category? Be specific and give examples.

Choose the guide for your state or use the national guide: https://www.seafoodwatch.org/seafood-recommendations/consumer-guides [Note: If you, your family and friends do not eat seafood, pretend that you do and respond to the question accordingly.] Your response should be at least 75 words in length.

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