Project Management
Karen_2
Unit6-Leadership.pptxLeadership
Overview
Approaches/models
Leadership qualities
Formal & informal
Factors influencing leadership behaviour
Styles and practices
Leadership Approaches
Trait Approach
Skill Approach
Style Approach
Situational Approach
Contingency Theory
Qualities of Great leaders
Good leader has a vision
Courage
Integrity
Humility
Strategic planning
Focus on strengths in themselves in others and the organization
Attributes of a Good Leader
Honesty
Ability to delegate
Effective communication
Confidence
Commitment
Positive attitude
Creativity
Intuition
Ability to inspire
Characteristics of a good leader
Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=silPtekoFqE&feature=related
Formal and Informal leadership
Informal leadership is the ability of a person to influence the behavior of others by means other than formal authority conferred by the organization through its rules and procedures.
Informal leadership is basically any type of leadership that is not based upon formal authority.
The informal leader is someone who does not have the official authority to direct the group. Despite this, the group chooses to follow the lead of this person.
Formal and Informal leadership
Formal leaders are given leadership based on their position with a group. They are actually assigned to be leaders as part of their role in the group. Examples of formal leaders would be the teacher in a classroom or the manager within a company
For example, the class clown may be someone that the students in the class take cues from even though the teacher is the official leader of the classroom.
The informal leader may arise because he is charismatic and outgoing so that people want to listen to him, because she is easy to talk to, or because she exhibits certain knowledge and ideas that seem useful to the group.
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Factors influencing leadership behaviour
Personality
One factor determining leadership style that cannot be ignored is the personality of the individual who is in charge of a group of employees
Belief System
A manager's professional ethics is often a factor that influences his method of leadership. For example, the person who believes strongly in teamwork as the most successful approach to work often adopts a democratic leadership style
Factors influencing leadership behaviour
Company Culture
The nature of a company's culture will influence the style of leadership used in the establishment. If there is a strong culture of motivated and well-trained employees, the managers can adopt a laissez faire style
Employee Diversity
Small businesses are hiring a more diverse workforce than in the past. A company is likely to employ people of different races, gender, ages and cultures. Leaders must respond to this diversity with a vision for their staff and by developing a multi-cultural approach to their work.
Leadership Styles
Different styles were needed for different situations and each leader needs to know when to exhibit a particular approach
Leadership Styles
Laissez Faire Leadership
Authoritarian Leadership
Participative Leadership
Situational Leadership
Transformational Leadership
Laissez Faire Leadership
The manager provides little or no direction and gives staff as much freedom as possible .
All authority or power given to the staff and they determine goals, make decisions, and resolve problems on their own.
Autocratic Leadership Style
The classical approach
Manager retains as much power and decision making authority as possible
Does not consult staff, nor allowed to give any input
Staff expected to obey orders without receiving any explanations
Structured set of rewards and punishments
Participative Leadership (Democratic)
Encourages staff to be a part of the decision making
•Keeps staff informed about everything that affects their work and shares decision making and problem solving responsibilities
When is is style more effective
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Situational Leadership
A situational leader can be a mixture of an authoritarian and participative leadership style.
Transformational Leadership
A transformational leadership style is designed to make drastic changes to a management team. The leader is often highly charismatic and visionary, with specific plans on how to change the department or organization.
Transformational Leadership
Creates and sustains a context that maximizes human and organizational capabilities;
Facilitate multiple levels of transformation;
Align them with core values and a unified purpose
Transactional Leadership
Emphasizes getting things done within the umbrella of the status quo
•In opposition to transformational leadership
•“By the book" approach -the person works within the rules
•Commonly seen in large, bureaucratic organisations
Three factors that influence which leadership style to use.
The manager’s personal background: What personality, knowledge, values, ethics, and experiences does the manager have. What does he or she think will work?
Staff being supervised: Staff individuals with different personalities and backgrounds; The leadership style used will vary depending upon the individual staff and what he or she will respond best to
The organization: The traditions, values, philosophy, and concerns of the organization influence how a manager acts
Determining the Best Leadership Style
•Should leaders be more task or relationship (people) oriented
•Leaders have a dominant style, one they use in a wide variety of situations
•No one best style -leaders must adjust their leadership style to the situation as well as to the people being led
•Many different aspects to being a great leader -a role requiring one to play many different leadership styles to be successful
Assignment
Individual presentation
1. Find an example in the media or otherwise of one person you feel is a great leader. Then write a paper on what model(s) he/she applies to lead others.
Give a background/ History of the individual
Give your evaluation of this person as a leader. Was he / she an effective leader.
2. Identify an organisation, explain the culture, structure and the business model of the organisation. Outline the leadership style you believe is most effective in this case?
