Unit5-assignment
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unit5_ch13-db8008.pptxAction Research and Change in Business
Chapter 13
Doing Research in the Business World
David E. Gray
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Session Objectives
By the end of this session you will be able to:
Distinguish between action research and other research methodologies.
Distinguish between the variety of approaches within action research.
Plan a project, keeping in mind some of the potential limitations of action research.
Describe the processes involved in conducting an action research project, and methods for gathering data.
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Features of action research
Research subjects are themselves researchers or involved in a democratic partnership with a researcher.
Research is seen as an agent for change.
Data are generated from the direct experiences of research participants.
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Typical Action Research questions
What is happening here?
How can I improve the quality of my professional practice?
How can this research method be improved?
Note that the following is NOT an AR question because it seeks to generalise.
What implications does my research have for all practitioners in my profession?
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The Action Research process
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Action research: planning
Why activities are required.
What actions need to be taken.
How tasks are to be accomplished.
Who is to be responsible for each activity.
Where the tasks are going to be performed.
When the activities are going to commence and when completed.
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Action research: Acting
Adapted from Easterby-Smith, 1994
Establish performance indicators.
Gather evidence:
- questioning
- organisational review
- concept mapping.
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AR: observing/analysing impact
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AR: reflecting
How researchers engaged in action research, how they recorded their data and how they were a true reflection of what was studied.
How they challenged and tested their own assumptions and interpretations.
How they accessed different views of what was happening.
How these interpretations and analysis were grounded in theory.
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Validating AR
Critical colleagues.
Advisor/mentor/tutor.
Action research colleagues.
Validating group (managers, steering group, committee, fellow professionals).
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Data gathering tools for AR
YES
Diaries
Observations
Interviews
Photographs
Videos/audio
Memory work
NO
Questionnaires
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Ethics in AR
Negotiating access (organisations, communities, participants, parents, guardians, etc.).
Promise of confidentiality.
The right to withdraw.
Communication.
Maintaining good faith.
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Action research is used to address real world problems, with the researcher becoming actively involved in the research process as a change agent.
AR involves a cyclical process of planning, acting, observing and reflecting.
Methods of data collection include: diaries and logs, documents, observations, questionnaires, interviews, memory work (writing stories about events) and the analysis of photographs, audio and video recordings.
The data gathered through action research can be validated through eliciting the views of critical colleagues, advisers or mentors or fellow action researchers.
Action research must avoid the ‘smash and grab’ mentality. The usual ethical principles must be adhered to, including negotiating access, promises of confidentiality, guaranteeing the right of participants to withdraw and checking to see if participants agree with the interpretations emerging from the research.
Summary
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