Music Listening & Analysis Assignment on The Flower Duet by Leo Delibes and The Selection of Your Choosing by The Composer of That Selection

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Music APPRECIATION 105

An introduction to music – Travel – culture

Emily Smith

Unit 4

JAZZ

Characteristics of jazz

Music: African elements fused with Western Music

Texture: Polyrhythms, Syncopation, Improvisation, Riff

Forms: Call and Response, Ragtime, Cakewalk, Gospel, Blues, Swing, Be-bop, Fusion, Free Style

Travel: West Africa, United States

Jazz was created in America by the descendants of the slaves who were brought here from West Africa in the 1600s and 1700s

Many of the elements of this music was passed down through generations

These elements became very important in the development of mainstream American music

African elements fused with Western Music gave us the first truly American Music Form: Jazz

Characteristics of jazz

TExture

1. Polyrhythms – two different rhythms sounding at the same time

2. Syncopation – accenting a normally weak beat

3. Improvisation – making music spontaneously without written notation

4. Riff – a recurring melodic and rhythmic pattern found in Jazz (like ostinato)

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Ghana - African Drums, Conga Drums, and Bongos

Tribal Music - Africa

Early jazz: new orleans

New Orleans, Louisiana

Early jazz: new orleans

African drum music

Rhythmic work songs (plantation songs)

Negro spirituals (church)

Early Blues (closely related to the work song)

Early Ragtime: The first written pre-jazz form

Early Jazz Pioneers: Scott Joplin (piano), Louis Armstrong (trumpet), Buddy Bolden (trumpet), Joe Oliver (trumpet)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u0CRAavN4EI

Call and Response – Negro Spiritual – Go Down Moses

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYALBzfY5QY

Early Blues – Hard Times Killing Floor Blues by Skip James

Hard time here and everywhere you go Times is harder than ever been before

And the people are driftin' from door to door Can't find no heaven, I don't care where they go

Hear me tell you people, just before I go  These hard times will kill you just dry long so

Well, you hear me singin' my lonesome song  These hard times can last us so very long

If I ever get off this killin' floor I'll never get down this low no more No-no, no-no, I'll never get down this low no more

And you say you had money, you better be sure  'Cause these hard times will drive you from door to door

Sing this song and I ain't gonna sing no more  Sing this song and I ain't gonna sing no more  These hard times will drive you from door to door

Scott Joplin 1867/68-1917

Known as the “King of Ragtime”

Composed “Maple Leaf Rag” – became ragtime’s first and most influential hit

1. Ragtime – Syncopated music written mostly for piano.

Most important characteristic is its “ragged” rhythm

FORMS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMAtL7n_-rc

Scott Joplin – Maple Leaf Rag

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPmruHc4S9Q

Scott Joplin – The Entertainer

2. Cakewalk – dance performed at social functions

Dates back to late 1800s

High-kicking movement – reflect the pomposity of the plantation owner

3. Call and Response – When the leader sings a phrase and the group responds

Used a great deal in African vocal music

Used in Gospel, Rock ‘n’ Roll, and Rhythm & Blues

https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9L4AseD-aA

Call and Response – SpongeBob SquarePants

Original songs were hymns using Call & Response and Repetition

As Gospel progresses more Jazz elements were added to the music

4. Gospel Music – music with African American roots and Christian Lyrics

https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=veiJLhXdwn8&list=RD5Pqx8bkCkL8&index=2

Gospel Music – Oh Freedom – The Golden Gospel Singers

Musical elements include: Negro Spirituals, Work Songs, Plantation Songs, and European Folk Music

Represents downtrodden way of life with little hope for recovery

5. Blues – A style of music that is based on the Blues scale, chord progression, and improvisation

THE BLUES SCALE

Based off the minor pentatonic scale plus one additional note

Has many variations

Largely used in Jazz

Blues Scale

Popular instruments

Tuba

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

Clarinet

Saxophone

Trumpet

Trombone

Drums

Banjo

Bass

Piano

Popular instruments

Famous blues musicians

Composer known as “Father of the Blues”

W.C. Handy 1873-1958

Louis “Satchmo” Armstrong

1901-1971

Known for trumpet playing and being a pioneer of scat singing

https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=SqbuwUO6vto

W.C. Handy – St. Louis Blues – Performed by Louis Armstrong

Known as the “Mother of the Blues”

One of the first professional blues singers

Ma Rainey 1886-1939

Ma Rainey – Bo Weavil Blues

Known as “The Empress of the Blues”

She was the highest paid black entertainer of the day

Bessie Smith 1894-1937

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R12RdOXylqk

After You’ve Gone – Bessie Smith

Known for being one of the greatest blues guitar players in music history

Introduced a sophisticated style of soloing based on fluid string bending and shimmering vibrato that influenced many later electric blues guitarists

B.B. King 1925-2015

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4tL-zeVRbk

B.B. King – Everyday I Have the Blues

BRASS BANDS

Emerged with the development of Jazz

Were used in parades, concerts, political rallies, and funerals