Music Listening & Analysis Assignment on The Flower Duet by Leo Delibes and The Selection of Your Choosing by The Composer of That Selection
Na'Naa17
Unit3Ch5Pt1.pptxMusic appreciation 105
An introduction to music – travel – culture
Emily Smith
Unit 3 Chapter 5
Romantic
1820-1900
Characteristics of the Romantic Era
Music: emotional extremes, more freelance composers, long beautiful melodies, more chromaticism, new forms invented, music written for the general public, Piano is the most popular instrument
Nationalism – when composers incorporate elements of their country into their musical works
Texture: Mostly homophonic, sometimes polyphonic
Characteristics of the Romantic Era
Forms:
Old – Opera, Mass, Sonata, Symphony, Concerto
New – Lied, Symphonic Poem, Ballet, Many solo piano forms
Composers: Berlioz, Schubert, Chopin, Liszt, Mendelsohn, Schumann, Strauss, Mahler, Brahms, and many, many more.
Travel: France, Germany, Austria, Poland, Russia, and Italy
France
Germany
Austria
Poland
Russia
Italy
Travel
Going up the Chromatic Scale
Chromaticism – moving in half step increments
Chromatic Scale – A scale made up of 12 half steps
2
1
3
4
5
6
12
7
8
11
9
10
C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B C
C B B♭ A A♭ G G♭ F E E♭ D D♭ C
Coming back down the Chromatic Scale
Chromaticism
Notes on the Romantic Era
Instead of depending on the church and aristocracy to make a living, composers were now freelance musicians
Made a living from concerts, publishing, and private teaching
Women composers were marginalized and wrote primarily in smaller forms like art songs
Considered inferior because they didn’t write grand works like Symphonies and Operas
Inventions in the Industrial Revolution led to advancements and improvements in the mechanical valves and keys used by brass and woodwind instruments
Texture
Mainly Homophonic – one melody with chordal accompaniment
Sometimes Polyphonic – two or more melodies at the same time
Texture
Polyphonic
Homophonic
Two or more melodic lines at the same time
One Melody with Chordal Accompaniment
Old: Vocal
Sacred and Secular Songs
Opera
Forms - Old
Old: Instrumental – Large
Sonata
Symphony
Concerto
Old: Instrumental – Small
Variations
Opera
Originally composers added music to preexisting ancient Greek dramas
Now composers are starting to use new libretti and even write their own stories (Wagner)
Composers include: Rossini, Donizetti, Bellini, Verdi, Puccini, Bizet, Wagner, and more.
Born in Italy
Became the church organist at age 8
Made political and nationalistic references in his operas
Influential in the Risorgimento (unification) of Italy
Established Casa di Riposo per Musicisti (a rest home for retired musicians) and the building of a hospital at Villanova sull’ Arda
Compositions Include:
3 Operas (Rigoletto, Il trovatore, La traviata, Aida, etc.)
Sacred Music: Requiem, Four Sacred Pieces
Italian Giuseppe Verdi 1813-1901
Verdi – Rigoletto: La donna è mobile “The Lady is Fickle” – Luciano Pavarotti
Rigoletto – story of Duke of Mantua, his court jester Rigoletto, and Rigoletto’s daughter Gilda. A curse placed on both the Duke and Rigoletto comes to fruition when Gilda falls in love with the Duke and sacrifices her life to save him from assassins hired by her father.
Luciano Pavarotti – Italian operatic tenor, sang with the famous Three Tenors, sold over 100 million records
Italy
Giuseppe Verdi
1813-1901
Born in Germany
Attended Leipzig University and studied composition
Wrote the stories (libretti) as well as the music for his operas
Invented the Leitmotif – a short, constantly recurring musical phrase associated with a particular person, place, or idea
Frequently used the chromatic scale in his compositional devices
Married Franz Liszt’s daughter Cosmia
Built Festspielhaus (opera house) in Bayreuth
Compositions Include:
6 Operas (The Flying Dutchman, Tristan und Isold, etc.)
The Ring of the Nebelung – a collection of 4 operas
Orchestral: 2 Symphonies, Siegried Idyll, Grand Festival March (to celebrate the signing of the Declaration of Independence), various overtures and concert overtures
Piano music, chamber music, and songs
Richard Wagner 1813-1883
The Ring of Nibelung – set of 4 operas by Wagner. Die Walkure is the 2nd
Story from Norse Mythology – the plot revolves around a magic ring that grants the power to rule the world
A Valkyrie is a group of female figures who decide which soldiers die in battle and which ones live
In this scene the Valkyries have gathered to transport the fallen soldiers to Valhalla
Wagner – Die Walkure: Ride of the Valkyries
https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=xeRwBiu4wfQ
In Norse lore the Aurora Borealis was caused by the glittering armor of the Valkyries as they rode across the sky
Born in France
Mother was a pianist, Father was a composer and vocal teacher
Enrolled at the Paris Conservatory and won 1st prize in piano at age 14
His music was not very popular despite his skill and education
Compositions Include:
5 Operas (Carmen, etc)
3 Cantatas
Orchestral: 1 Symphony, Vasco da Gama, Souvenirs de Rome, and L’Arlèsienne Suites 1 and 2
Piano Music: more than 150 pieces including Jeux d’ enfants – suite of 12 miniatures for piano 4 hands
Georges Bizet 1838-1875
https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qs0E2CufQ7c
Bizet – Carmen: Habanera – Grace Bumbry
Set in southern Spain and tells the story of the downfall of Don José, a naïve soldier who is seduced by the wiles of the fiery gypsy Carmen
Grace Bumbry - an American opera singer, is considered one of the leading mezzo-sopranos of her generation, as well as a major soprano for many years. She was a member of a pioneering generation of African-American opera and classical singers in the world of classical music and paved the way for future African-American opera and concert singers.
Love is a rebellious bird that no one can tame, and if you call for it, it’ll be quite in vain for it’s in its nature to say no. Nothing helps, neither a threat nor a prayer one talks well, the other rests silent and it’s the other one that I prefer doesn’t say a thing, but pleases me. Love! Love! Love! Love!
Love is a gypsy’s child, it has never, never known what law is, if you do not love me, I love you if I love you, then beware! If you do not love me, if you do not love me, I love you! But if I love you, if I love you, then beware!
Love is a gypsy’s child, it has never, never known what law is, if you do not love me, I love you if I love you, then beware! If you do not love me, if you do not love me, I love you! But if I love you, if I love you, then beware!
The bird you thought you had caught by surprise beats it wings and lies away…love lies afar, you can wait for it and when you don’t expect it anymore, there it is! All around you twirls faster, faster it comes and goes, and then comes back. You think you’ve caught it, it eludes you, you think you’ve escaped it, it captures you. Love! Love! Love! Love!
France
Georges Bizet
1838-1875
Born in Italy
Orphaned at age 5
Studied with his father’s former pupils
Music was influenced by Verdi, Wagner, Debussy, and Stravinsky
Compositions Include:
10 Operas (Turandot, Madama Butterfly, Tosca, etc.)
Il trittico – a collection of 3 operas
Songs for piano and voice
Giacomo Puccini 1858-1924
Puccini – Gianni Schicchi: O mio babbino car – Montserrat Caballé
https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxZSP1Dc78Q
Gianni Schicchi – comic opera based on Dante’s Divine Comedy
The 3rd installment of Puccini’s Il tricttico operas
Montserrat Caballé – a Spanish opera singer, legendary performances and Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots, famous for collaborating with Freddie Mercury (Queen) on his album Barcelona, passed recently on 10/6/2018
Italy
Giacomo Puccini
1858-1924
