Visual analyst paper of arts
Jackie bao
unit2Greek_Archaic_PotterySculpture.pptxART HISTORY 131
Greek: Archaic
Pottery & Sculpture
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Greece: Archaic period (c. 600 – 480 BCE)
significance: laid political & cultural groundwork for Greek Classical period
scope: 7th century BCE until second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BCE
demographics: massive increase in Greek population
context: political
established polis Greek city-states
Athens
earliest institutions of democracy were implemented under Solon
reforms brought in Athenian democracy
Sparta
institutional reforms introduced
region of Messenia brought under Spartan control
founding of Peloponnesian League
becomes dominant power in Greece.
Greek Archaic
François Vase (c. 575 BCE)
potter & painter: Ergotimos & Kleitias
vessel: “krater” w/ volute shaped handles
destroyed in 1900 CE by museum guard; smashed into 638 pieces
new reconstruction in 1973 CE
significance: depicts over 200 figures
identifying inscriptions & labels (see Orientalizing period)
themes: encyclopedia of mythology
exploits of Peleus and son Achilles (hero of Homer’s Illiad)
Theseus legendary king of Athens
technique: “black-figure”
details incised into “slip” (fired pigment)
composition: six (6) registers
narrative: limits only one register [lower] to Orientalizing form
poses: twisted perspective
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Detail of “black figure” technique from register on Archaic Greek François Vase (c. 575 BCE)
Greek Archaic
Dionysos & Two Satyrs (c. 550 BCE)
vessel: amphora
material: Corinthian (beige clay)
decorativeness: limited to extremities (i.e., shoulder)
composition: registered
narrative: designated to body of vessel
technique: “black” figure
silhouetted forms
filled in w/ color
details created by incision
effect: decorative & 2-d
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Greek Archaic
Dionysus in a Boat (c. 540 BCE)
artist: Exekias
vessel: “kylix”
diameter: 12”
material: Attic (orange clay)
technique: “black” figure
black glaze
details incised
decorativeness: organic forms
composition: non-registered
narrative, forms & figures conform to shape of vessel
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Greek Archaic
Herakles Strangling Nemean Lion
date: c. 525 BCE
artist: Psiax
vessel: “amphora”
height: 19.5”
technique: “black” figure
black glaze
details incised
material: Attic [orange clay]
composition: registered
narrative: limited to body of vessel
decorativeness:
geometric patterns
limited to border areas & arms
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Greek Archaic
Death of Sarpedon (c. 515 BCE)
artist: Euxitheos and Euphronios
vessel: “krater”
material: Attic (orange clay)
technique: “red” figure
inversion of black-figured
background around figures painted black
details no longer incised; now painted
decorativeness: geometric patterns limited to border areas
composition: registered
narrative: limited to body of vessel
figures: depends less on profile view
foreshortened & overlapping limbs
interest in facial expressions
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Greek Archaic
Lapith and Centaur (c. 490 BCE)
artist: “Foundry Painter”
vessel: “kylix”
material: Attic (orange clay)
technique: “red” figure
decorativeness: geometric patterns limited to border areas
composition: non-registered
narrative: conforms to body of vessel
figures:
foreshortened & overlapping limbs
interest in facial expressions
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Greek Archaic
New York Kouros (c. 600 BCE)
scale: life-size (6’)
quality of naturalism: schematic
synthesizes lessons from Egyptians and Ancient Near East
Egyptian
left foot forward
clenched fists
Ancient Near Eastern
bulging, lg. eyes
arching eyebrow
stylized coiffure
facial features: triangular shape
spatial order: negative space
figure: nude
musculature: broad planes
slim waist
rib cage
pointed arch echoes V-shaped ridge of hips
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(Left) Archaic Greek New York Kouros (c. 600 BCE) vs. (right) Egyptian Menkaure and Wife (c. 2500 BCE)
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Archaic Greek New York Kouros (c. 600 BCE) in profile, frontal, and rear views
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Greek Archaic
Calf Bearer (c. 560 BCE)
site: found in fragments on Athenian Acropolis
pose: left foot forward
facial features: bearded
large bulging eyes
stylized coiffure
Archaic “smile”
indicates living vs. dead
drapery: noble perfection of nudity indicated by sheer fabric
composition: dynamic
calf’s legs and figure’s arms form an X
unites two bodies both physically and formally
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Greek Archaic
Rampin Head (c. 550 BCE)
site: found on Acropolis in 1877 CE
part of a fragmentary equestrian group
purchased by Georges Rampin, who left it to Louvre in 1896 CE
facial features: stylized
stylized coiffure & beard
eyes (influence of ANE)
almond shaped
bulging
high cheek bone and pointed chin
“archaic” smile
corresponds to optimistic culture & society
characteristic of Archaic period
asymmetrical neck
equestrian group is thought to have comprised two horsemen forming a pair
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Greek Archaic
Kouros (c. 525 BCE)
scale: life-size (6’4”)
function: funereal
inscription on base:
"Stop and show pity beside the marker of Kroisos, dead, whom once in battle's front rank raging Ares destroyed"
quality of naturalism: idealized
retains Egyptian conventions
left foot forward
clenched fists
planar division of lower leg
abandons ANE facial features
musculature: refined mass & proportions
shorter neck
broader shoulders
thicker waist
more massive thighs
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Details of face from Greek Archaic “Kroisos” Kouros (c. 525 BCE)
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(Left) Greek Archaic “Kroisos” Kouros (c. 525 BCE) vs. (right) Greek Archaic New York Kouros (c. 600 BCE)
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Greek Archaic
Peplos Kore (c. 525 BCE)
term: “peplos”
simple, long woolen belted garment
function: votive
facial features: naturalistic
Archaic “smile”
stylized coiffure
spatial order: extended arm
departs from frontal compression of arms at sides (see Egyptian)
drapery: columnar effect
conceals weight, mass & volume of lg. muscle groups underneath
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(Left) Greek Orientalizing Lady of Auxerre (c. 625 BCE) vs. (right) Greek Archaic Peplos Kore (c. 525 BCE)
Greek Archaic
Chiton Kore (c. 500 BCE)
clothing: “chiton”
light, soft linen material
worn in conjunction w/ heavier mantle
function: votive
facial features: naturalistic
Archaic “smile”
stylized coiffure
drapery: intricate pattern
asymmetrical arrangement
softens stiff frontal pose of body
spatial order: extended arm
departs from strict frontal compression of arms at sides (see Egyptian)
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IMAGE INDEX
Slide 3: François Vase (c. 570 BCE), Kleitias and Ergotimos, Athenian black-figure volute krater, 2’ 2” high, from Chiusi, Italy; Museo Archeologico, Florence, Italy.
Slide 4: Detail of “black figure” technique from register on Archaic Greek François Vase (c. 575 BCE)
Slide 5: Dionysos and Two Satyrs (c. 650 BCE), Corinthian black- figured amphora.
Slide 6: Exekias, Dionysus in a Boat (c. 540 BCE), interior of an Attic black-figured kylix, diameter 12”, Staatliche Antikensammlungen, Munich, Germany.
Slide 7: Psiax, Herakles Strangling the Nemean Lion (c. 525 BCE), in an Attic black-figured amphora from Vulci, Italy, Height 19 ½ in., Museo Civico, Brescia.
Slide 8: Euxitheos and Eupronios, Death of Sarpedon (c. 515 BCE), calyx krater, red-figure style, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
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IMAGE INDEX
Slide 9: The “Foundry Painter,” Lapith and Centaur (c. 490-480 BCE), interior of an Attic red-figured kylix, Staatliche Antikensammlunen, Munich.
Slide 10: Kouros (c. 600 BCE), Marble, height 6’4”, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Slide 11: (Left) Archaic Greek Kouros (c. 600 BCE); and (right) Egyptian Menkaure and Wife (c. 2500 BCE).
Slide 12: Details of Kouros in profile, frontal, and rear views.
Slide 13: Calf Bearer (c. 560 BCE), Marble, restored height 5’ 5”; fragment 3’ 11 ½ in.; Acropolis Museum, Athens, Greece.
Slide 14: The Rampin Head (c. 560 BCE), Marble, height 11 1/2”, Musée du Louvre, Paris.
Slide 15: Archaic Greek Kouros (c. 525 BCE), Marble, height 6’4”, National Archaeological Museum, Athens.
Slide 16: Details of face from Archaic Greek “Kroisos” Kouros (c. 525 BCE)
Slide 17: (Left) Archaic Greek Kouros (c. 600 BCE); and (right) Archaic Greek Kouros (c. 525 BC).
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IMAGE INDEX
Slide 18: Peplos Kore (c. 525 BCE), from the Acropolis, Marble, approx. 4’ high, Acropolis Museum, Athens, Greece.
Slide 19: (Left) Greek Orientalizing Lady of Auxerre (c. 625 BCE); and (right) Archaic Greek Peplos Kore (c. 525 BCE)
Slide 20: Kore (c. 500 BCE), from the Acropolis, Marble, approx. 1’ 9 ½ in. high, Acropolis Museum, Athens, Greece.
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