English 102 - I need someone who will work with me through entire course

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English Composition II

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Annotated Bibliography

Research Question: Does sleep deprivation have a negative impact on businesses?

Thesis: While the effects of sleep deprivation are well-known in medical communities, businesses are negatively affected by this medical condition, particularly with regards to shift work, where deprivation can lead to safety risks and productivity issues.

Fryer, Bronwyn. “Sleep Deficit: The Performance Killer.” Harvard Business Review. Harvard Business Publishing, October 2006. Web. 15 January 2014.

This article contains a published interview between Bronwyn Fryer, Senior Editor of the Harvard Business Review, and Dr. Charles A. Czeisler, the Baldino Professor of Sleep Medicine at Harvard University. Responding to questions, Dr. Czeisler claims that working with inadequate sleep “induces a level of impairment every bit as risky as intoxication”. Dr. Czeisler further states “sleep deprivation is not just an individual health hazard; it’s a public one”, offering statistical evidence of the dangers of sleep deprivation. When asked for solutions to the problem of sleep related accidents in the workplace, Dr. Czeisler suggests action company executives can take regarding shift length and employee education programs detailing sleep, health, and safety. Although the Harvard Business Review is not a scholarly journal, it is regarded as a paragon of credibility in information dissemination. The author is not an expert in sleep deprivation, but the article’s subject is considered one of the discipline’s leading authorities whose research helps frame the modern discourse. The question and answer format renders scientific information as easily accessible. The article is germane to my argument for the loss of productivity in manufacturing due to sleep deprivation, and to the necessity for sleep related safety awareness in American business today.

International Fire Chiefs Association. The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Fire Fighters and EMS Responders. [Portland]: 2007. Web. 14 January 2014.

The authors of this report illustrate how sleep deprivation adversely effects the transportation industry, medical internships, and fire fighters and EMS responders. In the chapter entitled “Measures to Effectively Manage Work Hours”, the authors explain how to identify at-risk behavior, structure work hours, and educate workers and their families on reducing workplace dangers through proper sleep habits. While this report is not a scholarly or academic source, it is a guideline by which the International Fire Chiefs Association suggests its members (10,000 in number) abide. Published with assistance from the Oregon Health and Science University Faculty, the authors cite scientific data, tables, and graphs borrowed from academia in support of its claims, all of which provide for an authoritative overall narrative. The information is timely and relevant to the topic of sleep deprivation in clarifying how leaders in a vital industry acknowledge the threat of sleep deprivation, while imparting specific instruction on how to minimize damage caused by sleep deprivation. The report proves valuable to my claim that sleep deprivation also leads to loss of productivity in the manufacturing industry.

Lockley, Steven W., et al. “Effects of Health Care Provider Work Hours and Sleep Deprivation on Safety and Performance.” The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety 33.11 (2007): 7-18. Web. 15 January 2014.

This article argues that nurses and doctors suffering from chronic sleep deprivation exhibit behavior adversely related to personal health and job function. Using experimental data, the authors devise tables and graphs to illustrate how the quality of sleep deteriorates over time, and with it, traits vital to job performance, how sleep deprived nurses and doctors commit errors and cause accidents, and how many such accidents and errors lead to the deaths of patients. The authors of this article hold advanced degrees and are members of the Harvard Work Hours, Health and Safety Group, whose research is fundamental to understanding chronic sleep deprivation in the medical field today. The article was published in a peer-reviewed journal, and its conclusions act to admonish the health care industry that to “reduce the…high rate of preventable fatigue-related medical error and injuries among health care workers, the United States must establish…safe work-hour limits”. The article is indispensable in supporting my claim that because sleep deprivation poses significant threats in the medical field, a fresh approach to shift work is vital to ensuring adequate safety and maximum yield in a manufacturing environment as well.