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Unit1.2-RenaissancePPT2021.pptx
Unit 1 – Lecture 2 Renaissance Era
MUSI 1307 – Music Lit
In this Lecture, we will cover…
Renaissance Era (1400-1600)
Historical context
Music Developments
Music in England (15th century)
Music of Burgundy
Franco-Flemish Composers
Madrigals & Secular songs (16th century)
Sacred Music of the Reformation
Instrumental Music
Renaissance Era (1400-1600) - Historical Context
1347
Black Death (killed large percent of population)
1431
Joan of Arc executed
1455
Gutenberg press invented & Gutenberg Bible is published
1469
Lorenzo de Medici becomes head of city-state in Florence (Rise of the Medici family)
1485
Henry VIII becomes King of England (beginning House of Tudor)
1492
Columbus discovers America
1495
Leonardo da Vinci paints “Last Supper”
1512
Michelangelo paints the Sistene Chapel
1517
Martin Luther published 95 Theses criticizing Catholic practices
1534
Henry VIII separates Church of England from Church of Rome to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn
1558
Elizabeth I becomes Queen of England
1599
Shakespeare begins writing many great plays
1610
Galileo discovers the moons of Jupiter
Humanism - Petrarch
Religion – Protestant Reformation
Medici family of Florence – translated Plato’s works into Latin
Science & mathematics – Leonardo Da Vinci
Art – focused on experiences
Visual art becomes more realistic, 3 dimensional, focus on depth, skin texture.
Panel from 1337
Painting from 1480
Music Developments
In 15th and 16th centuries, court chapels were growing
Court Musicians served in
(1) the chapel,
(2) the chamber of the King
(3) at public court for events & ceremonies.
Choir schools
Mobility for musicians
Major centers for training musicians
In 15th century, 4 voice texture
In 16th century, 5 voice texture
Equality in all voices
New approaches to musical texture:
Imitative Counterpoint
Homophony
Tuning systems
equal temperament
Chromaticism for expression
Music printing
Looking ahead
I. Music in England
II. Music in Burgundy
III. Polyphonic Mass
IV. Franco-Flemish Composers
V. Madrigals & Secular Songs
VI. Sacred Music of the Reformation
VII. Instrumental Music
I. Music in England (15th Century)
Unique sound – countenance angloise - frequent use of 3rds & 6ths in parallel motion
NEW IDEA: put the chant in the middle voice (farburden)
John Dunstable (ca. 1390-1453)–3-voice sacred works
LISTENING #5 - John Dunstable: Quam pulchra es
II. Music in Burgundy (modern Belgium & northeastern France)
Largest chapels
Sang mostly secular chansons (French texts), motets and settings from Masses
2 main composers:
Gilles de Bins, known as “Binchois” (ca. 1400-1460) – known for chanson and use of hemiola
Guillaume Du Fay, (ca. 1397-1474) – music represented international style of 15th century
Listen: Du Fay: Resvellies vous
More polyphonic settings of Mass Ordinary (MO)
Until 1420, sections of the MO were written as separate pieces
In 15th century, polyphonic mass cycle was standard.
Plainsong Mass – base each movement on existing chant
Motto Mass – use head motif to begin each movement
Cantus Firmus Mass – tenor sings cantus firmus in long notes. 3 or 4 voices
III. Polyphonic Mass
LISTENING #6 - Guillame Du Fay: Missa Se la face ay pale, Gloria
IV. Franco-Flemish Composers (1450-1520)
Most prominent composers came from France, Flanders (northern Belgium) & Netherlands.
More imitation & homophony to match emotions of text
Jean de Ockeghem (ca. 1420-1497) - Chansons used more imitation, equality among voices, longer phrase.
Josquin Deprez (ca. 1450-1521) - reflect meaning of words in music
LISTEN - Josquin Desprez: Mille regretz 4 voice chanson, alternates between homophony and imitation
Josquin Deprez
Spain – Villancico – strophic, syllabic, mostly homophonic
Juan del Encina (1468-1529): Oy comamos y bebamos - LISTEN
Italy – Frottola
Italy – Madrigal – through-composed. 4 then 5 voices
Midcentury Madrigal: Rore: Da le belle contrade d'oriente – LISTEN
Later Madrigal: Gesualdo: ‘’Io Parto’’ e non più dissi - LISTEN
French – Chanson – Lyric Chanson
Germany – Meistersinger – unaccompanied solo song
English – Consort Song and English Madrigal
LISTENING #7 - Thomas Morley: Sing we and chant it - LISTEN
V. Madrigals & Secular Songs of the 16th Century
Morley: Sing we and Chant it (English Madrigal)
VI. Sacred Music of the Reformation
Martin Luther (1483-1546)
Lutheran church
German Mass (1526)
Chorales - Luther: Ein feste Burg LISTEN
Jean Calvin (1509-1564)
Calvanist church
Psalm singing – Metrical Psalms
Bourgeois: Psalm 134, “Or sus, serviteurs du Seigneur” LISTEN
What’s a current name for this song?
Jean Calvin
Martin Luther
Church of England – King Henry VIII
Book of Common Prayer
Two forms of Anglican music: SERVICE, ANTHEM
Thomas Tallis (1505-1585) “If Ye Love Me” Early anthem - LISTEN
William Byrd (1540-1623)
LISTENING #8 - “Sing Joyfully unto God”
Counter-Reformation - Council of Trent (1543-1563)
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525-1594)
“Pope Marcellus Mass: Agnes Dei” - LISTEN
Catholic music in Spain
Thomas Luis de Victoria: O magnum mysterium - LISTEN
VII. Instrumental Music
New Instruments:
Consort (English instrumental group)
Sackbut & crumhorn
Lute
Vihuela
Viol / Viola da gamba
Clavichord, Harpsichord, virginal, clavecin
Clavichord
Lute
Crumhorn
Viol / viola da gamba
Sackbut
Vihuela
5 categories of Instrumental Music
Dance music
Arrangements of vocal music
Settings of existing melodies
Variations
Abstract works
1. Dance Music (Instrumental Music)
Holborne: The Night Watch, Almain (English Dance Music) LISTEN
Renaissance Dances (Pavane 1:48 & Galliard 4:20) WATCH
| DANCE | METER | FORM | CHARACTER |
| Basse Dance | Duple or triple | Repeated phrases | 5 steps in various set patterns |
| Pavane | Duple | AABBCC | Stately, gliding steps |
| Galliard | Triple | AABBCC | Lively, with hops, kicks, and leaps |
| Allemande | Couple | 2 or 3 repeated strains | Moderate, simple steps, begins with upbeat |
2. Arrangements of Vocal Music
3. Settings of existing melodies
4. Variations
Byrd: John, Come Kiss Me Now (virginal) - LISTEN
V. Abstract Instrumental Works
Prelude, Fantasia & Ricercare – introduction or pitch center
Toccata
Canzona
Venice: St. Mark’s Basilica
Andrea Gabrieli (1532-1585)
Giovanni Gabrieli (1555-1612)
Polychoral motets
LISTENING #9 - Gabrieli: Canzon septimi toni a 8, from Sacrae symphoniae
Venetian Sonata
Concept of piano and forte
