Health Topic
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Uninsured_Lecture2016.pptHealth Insurance Coverage in the U.S., 2008
NOTE: Includes those over age 65. Medicaid/Other Public includes Medicaid, SCHIP, other state programs, and military-related coverage. Those enrolled in both Medicare and Medicaid (1.9% of total population) are shown as Medicare beneficiaries. SOURCE: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured/Urban Institute analysis of March 2009 CPS
Total = 300.5 million
Health Insurance Coverage of
the Nonelderly Population, 2008
262.8 Million
SOURCE: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured/Urban Institute analysis of 2009 ASEC Supplement to the CPS.
Nonelderly Uninsured by
Poverty Levels and Age, 2008
Total = 45.7 million uninsured
Note: Federal Poverty Level (FPL) for a family of four in 2009 is $22,025/year.
SOURCE: KCMU/Urban Institute analysis of 2009 ASEC Supplement to the CPS.
<133% FPL
133-399% FPL
400%+ FPL
Children
10%
Adults
39%
Children
7%
Adults
35%
Children
1%
Adults
8%
Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2008
Family Income
Family Work Status
Total = 45.7 million uninsured
1 or More Full-Time Workers
66%
No
Workers
19%
Part-Time
Workers
14%
Age
55-64
9%
30-54
43%
19-29
30%
0-18
18%
The federal poverty level was $22,025 for a family of four in 2008. Data may not total 100% due to rounding.
SOURCE: KCMU/Urban Institute analysis of 2009 ASEC Supplement to the CPS.
Nonelderly’s Health Insurance Coverage by Family Poverty Level, 2008
50.2 M
46.0 M
41.5 M
125.1 M
Number
Under 100%
100% - 199%
200% - 299%
300% +
NOTES: Data may not total 100% due to rounding. The Federal Poverty Level for a family of four in 2008 was $22,025 (according to the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty threshold). Family size and total family income are grouped by insurance eligibility.
SOURCE: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured/Urban Institute analysis of 2009 ASEC Supplement to the CPS.
Federal Poverty Guidelines
Uninsured Nonelderly vs. All Nonelderly,
by Family Work Status, 2008
Two full-time workers
One full-time worker
Only part time
No workers
45.7 Million
262.8 Million
NOTES: Data may not total 100% due to rounding.
SOURCE: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured/Urban Institute analysis of 2009 ASEC Supplement to the CPS.
Average Annual Health Insurance Premiums and Worker Contributions for Family Coverage, 2005-2010
Note: The average worker contribution and the average employer contribution may not add to the average total premium due to rounding.
Source: Kaiser/HRET Survey of Employer-Sponsored Health Benefits, 2005-2010.
$10,880
$13,770
$1,284
Worker Contribution Increase
47%
20%
27%
Chart1
| 2005 | 2005 |
| 2010 | 2010 |
Sheet1
| Employer Contribution | Worker Contribution | |
| 2005 | 8167.0000 | 2713 |
| 2010 | 9772.6814 | 3997.1688 |
Average Health Insurance Premiums and
Worker Contributions for Family Coverage, 1999-2009
Note: The average worker contribution and the average employer contribution
may not add to the average total premium due to rounding.
Source: Kaiser/HRET Survey of Employer-Sponsored Health Benefits, 1999-2009.
$5,791
128% Worker Contribution Increase
131% Premium Increase
$13,375
Average Monthly Worker Premium Contributions Paid by Covered Workers for Single and Family Coverage, 1999-2010
*Estimate is statistically different from estimate for the previous year shown (p<.05).
Source: Kaiser/HRET Survey of Employer-Sponsored Health Benefits, 1999-2010.
Chart1
| 1999 | 1999 |
| 2000 | 2000 |
| 2001 | 2001 |
| 2002 | 2002 |
| 2003 | 2003 |
| 2004 | 2004 |
| 2005 | 2005 |
| 2006 | 2006 |
| 2007 | 2007 |
| 2008 | 2008 |
| 2009 | 2009 |
| 2010 | 2010 |
Sheet1
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | |
| Single Coverage | 27 | 28 | 30 | 39 | 42 | 47 | 51 | 52 | 58 | 60 | 65 | 75 |
| Family Coverage | 129 | 135 | 149 | 178 | 201 | 222 | 226 | 248 | 273 | 280 | 293 | 333 |
Average Annual Worker and Employer Contributions to Premiums and Total Premiums for Family Coverage, 1999-2010
* Estimate is statistically different from estimate for the previous year shown (p<.05).
Source: Kaiser/HRET Survey of Employer-Sponsored Health Benefits, 1999-2010.
$5,791
$6,438*
$7,061*
$8,003*
$9,068*
$9,950*
$10,880*
$11,480*
$12,106*
$12,680*
$13,375*
$13,770*
Chart1
| 2010 | 2010 |
| 2009 | 2009 |
| 2008 | 2008 |
| 2007 | 2007 |
| 2006 | 2006 |
| 2005 | 2005 |
| 2004 | 2004 |
| 2003 | 2003 |
| 2002 | 2002 |
| 2001 | 2001 |
| 2000 | 2000 |
| 1999 | 1999 |
Sheet1
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | |
| Worker Contribution | $3,997 | $3,515 | $3,354 | $3,281 | $2,973 | $2,713 | $2,661 | $2,412 | $2,137 | $1,787 | $1,619 | $1,543 |
| Employer Contribution | $9,773 | $9,860 | $9,325 | $8,824 | $8,508 | $8,167 | $7,289 | $6,657 | $5,866 | $5,269 | $4,819 | $4,247 |
Percent of Nonelderly Women Reporting No Doctor Visit in Past Year Due to Cost, by Race/Ethnicity
Hispanic
American Indian/ Alaska Native
Black
White
Asian and NHPI
27.4%
21.9%
25.7%
14.7%
12.1%
Data: BRFSS, 2004-2006.
Note: Data reflect the U.S. average and the states with the highest and lowest percentages.
Source: The Kaiser Family Foundation, Putting Women’s Health Care Disparities on the Map, available at: www.kff.org/womensdisparities/.
10.3%
38.5%
34.5%
15.3%
33.4%
13.4%
24.4%
7.9%
22.7%
7.1%
AR
DE
AK
OR
TX
MA
WV
DC
FL
DC
US
US
US
US
US
Two or more races
1%
American Indian/
Alaska Native
1%
non-Hispanic Black
12%
Hispanic
15%
Native
Hawaiians & Other
Pacific Islander
0%
non-Hispanic White
67%
Asian
4%
Distribution of U.S. Population by Race/Ethnicity, 2008
Total = 304.1 million
(199.5 million)
(4.5 million)
(46.9 million)
(37.2 million)
(13.2 million)
(2.3 million)
(0.4 million)
NOTES: Data do not include residents of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or the Northern Mariana Islands. Totals may not add to 100% due to rounding. All racial groups and individuals reporting “two or more races” non-Hispanic.
SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation, based on Table 3: Annual Estimates of the Population by Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin for the United States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008 (NC-EST2008-03). Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau.
Proportion of Nonelderly Who Self-Identify as a Person of Color, by State, 2008
26 - 39% (13 states)
16 - 25% (12 states)
40 - 80% (13 states and DC)
4 – 15% (12 states)
AZ
AR
MS
LA
WA
MN
ND
WY
ID
UT
CO
OR
NV
CA
MT
IA
WI
MI
NE
SD
ME
MO
KS
OH
IN
NY
KY
TN
NC
NH
MA
VT
PA
VA
WV
CT
NJ
DE
MD
RI
HI
DC
AK
SC
NM
OK
GA
TX
IL
FL
AL
U.S. Total = 37% Minority
SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of March 2009 Current Population Surveys, U.S. Census Bureau.
White
166.4 million
African
American
33.3 million
Hispanic
44.7 million
Asian
11.7 million
American Indian/
Alaska Native
1.7 million
NOTES: “Other Public” includes Medicare and military-related coverage. All racial groups non-Hispanic. NHOPI= Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.
SOURCE: Urban Institute and Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured analysis of the March 2009 Current Population Survey.
Nonelderly Population 2008
Two or More Races
4.3 million
Private (Employer and Individual) Medicaid and Other Public Uninsured
NHOPI
0.7 million
Health Insurance Coverage of the Nonelderly Population by Race/Ethnicity, 2008
Health Insurance Status, by Race/Ethnicity:
Children, 2008
White,
non-Hispanic
44.1 million
African
American,
non-Hispanic
11.3 million
Hispanic
17.2 million
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
3.3 million
NOTES: “NSD” = Not sufficient data; “Other Public” includes Medicare and military-related coverage. The sample size for American Indian/Alaska Native was not large enough for reliable estimates. Totals may not add to 100% due to rounding.
SOURCE: Urban Institute and Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured analysis of the March 2009 Current Population Survey.
Total Child Population 2008
Two or More Races
2.2 million
Private (Employer and Individual) Medicaid and Other Public Uninsured
NOTES: American Indian group includes Aleutian Eskimos.
SOURCE: Urban Institute and Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured analysis of the March 2009 Current Population Survey.
Total = 45.7 Million Uninsured
American Indian/ Alaska Native 1%
White (non-Hispanic) 46%
2 or More Races 1%
Hispanic 32%
African American (non-Hispanic) 15%
Asian/Pacific Islander 5%
Nonelderly Uninsured by Race/Ethnicity, 2008
White (non-Hispanic)
African American (non-Hispanic)
Hispanic
Asian/Pacific Islander
American Indian/ Alaska Native
Two or More Races
Distribution by Race/Ethnicity
Risk of Being Uninsured
National Average
17%
White
166.4 million
African
American
33.3 million
Hispanic
44.7 million
Asian
11.7 million
American Indian/
Alaska Native
1.7 million
Nonelderly Population 2008
Two or More Races
4.3 million
Poor (<100% FPL) Near-Poor (100%-199% of FPL) Non-Poor (200%+ of FPL)
Poverty Status of Nonelderly Population by Race/Ethnicity, 2008
Pacific
Islander
0.7 million
NOTES: Individuals who reported more than one race group were categorized as “two or more races.” Nonelderly includes individuals under age 65. FPL= Federal Poverty Level. The FPL for a family of four in 2008 was $22,025.
DATA: March 2009 Current Population Survey.
SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation estimates.
No Health Care Visits Within the Past 12 Months, by Race/Ethnicity
and Poverty Status, 2007
DATA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, family core and sample adult questionnaires.
SOURCE: Health, United States, 2009, Table 80.
White, Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
African American Non-Hispanic
White, Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
African American Non-Hispanic
< 100% of Poverty
200% + of Poverty
No Usual Source of Health Care: Adults 18-64, by Race/Ethnicity and Poverty Status,
2006-2007
DATA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey.
SOURCE: Health, United States, 2009, Table 76.
White, Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
African American Non-Hispanic
< 100% of poverty
White, Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
African American Non-Hispanic
Between 100% and 200% of poverty
White, Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
African American Non-Hispanic
200% or more of poverty
No Dental Visit in the Past Year, by Race/Ethnicity and Poverty Status, 2007
2-17 Years of Age
18-64 Years of Age
DATA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, sample child and sample adult questionnaires.
SOURCE: Health, United States, 2009, Table 93.
White, Non-Hispanic
African American, Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
No Doctor Visit in Past Year for Nonelderly Adults by Race/Ethnicity and Insurance Status, 2005-2006
SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation and Urban Institute analysis of the National Health Interview Survey, 2005 and 2006, two-year pooled data.
Fair or Poor Health Status by Race/Ethnicity and Income, 2007
NOTES: Respondents assessed their health status as excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor. The federal poverty level for a family of four in 2007 was $21,203 (http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/threshld/thresh07.html).
DATA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey.
SOURCE: Health, United States, 2009, Table 57.
Share reporting fair or poor health:
Changes in Quality of Care Disparities Over Time: Summary by Race/Ethnicity, 2000-2001 to 2005-2006
NOTES: “Improving” means disparity is becoming smaller over time; “worsening” means disparity becoming larger over time. Data on all measures are not available for all groups; “n” refers to the number of measures on which the groups were compared. Totals may not add to 100% due to rounding. Time period differs by measure and includes oldest and newest years of available data.
SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation, based on AHRQ, National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2008, available at http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/qrdr08.htm.
Infant Mortality Rate by Race/Ethnicity,
2005
Infant deaths per 1,000 live births:
NOTES: Births are categorized according to race/ethnicity of mother.
DATA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set.
SOURCE: Health, United States, 2009, Table 17.
Infant Mortality Rates for Mothers Age 20+, by Race/Ethnicity and Education, 2003-2005
NOTES: Data reported for 37 states, DC, and NYC.
DATA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Linked Birth/Infant Death Data
Set.
SOURCE: Health, United States, 2008, Table 19.
Infant deaths per 1,000 live births:
Less
than
High School
High School
College+
African American, Non-Hispanic
American Indian/Alaska Native
White, Non-Hispanic
Asian and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
Hispanic
African American, Non-Hispanic
American Indian/Alaska Native
White, Non-Hispanic
Asian and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
Hispanic
African American, Non-Hispanic
American Indian/Alaska Native
White, Non-Hispanic
Asian and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
Hispanic
Cancer Screening Rates by Race/Ethnicity, 2005
White, Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
African-American, Non-Hispanic
Asian Only†
American Indian/Alaska Native
Two or More Races
NOTES: †Data for Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders do not meet the criteria for statistical reliability, data quality or confidentiality. *Data do not meet the criteria for statistical reliability, data quality or confidentiality. Age-adjusted percentages of women 40 and older who reported a mammography within the past 2 years, women 18 and older who reported a Pap test within the past 3 years, and adults 50 and older (male and female) who reported a fecal occult blood test within the past 2 years.
DATA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey.
SOURCE: National Healthcare Disparities Report, NHDRnet available at: http://nhdrnet.ahrq.gov/nhdr/jsp/nhdr.jsp.
Breast Cancer (Mammography)
Cervical Cancer (Pap Test)
Colon and Rectum Cancer (Fecal Occult Blood Test)
White, Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
African-American, Non-Hispanic
Asian Only†
American Indian/Alaska Native
Two or More Races
White, Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
African-American, Non-Hispanic
Asian Only†
American Indian/Alaska Native
Two or More Races
*
NOTES: Breast cancer rate is per 100,000 female population; other rates are for both genders.
DATA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System - Mortality.
SOURCE: National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2008, available at: http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/qrdr08.htm.
White, Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
African-American, Non-Hispanic
Asian or Pacific Islander
American Indian/Alaska Native
White, Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
African-American, Non-Hispanic
Asian or Pacific Islander
American Indian/Alaska Native
White, Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
African-American, Non-Hispanic
Asian or Pacific Islander
American Indian/Alaska Native
Breast Cancer
Lung Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Cancer Death Rates by Race/Ethnicity, 2005
Deaths per 100,000 population:
*Researchers did not separate income from other personal socio-economic factors
**Other refers to local area demographics and health care system factors
SOURCE: Zuvekas & Taliaferro, 2003, analyzing 1998 MEPS data
White-Hispanic Gap: 15.7%*
White-African American Gap: 5.4%
Role of Health Insurance in Explaining Racial/Ethnic Gap in Having a Regular Source of Care
Death Rate due to Heart Disease by Race/Ethnicity, 2006
White,
Non- Hispanic
Hispanic
African
American
Asian and Pacific
Islander
American Indian/ Alaska Native
NOTES: Rates are age-adjusted.
DATA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System.
SOURCE: Health US, 2009 Table 32.
Deaths per 100,000 population:
White,
Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
African
American
Asian and Pacific Islander
American Indian/ Alaska Native
Perceptions of Disparities in Health Care
When going to a doctor or health clinic for health care services, do you think most African Americans receive the same quality of health care as whites, higher quality of care or lower quality of health care as most whites?
SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation, March/April 2006 Kaiser Health Poll Report Survey, April 2006 (Conducted April 2006)
Whites
Same
Higher
Lower
Don’t Know/Refused
Blacks
Hispanics
When going to a doctor or health clinic for health care services, do you think most Latinos receive the same quality of health care as whites, higher quality of care or lower quality of health care as most whites?
Whites
Blacks
Hispanics
Same
Higher
Lower
Don’t Know/Refused
Fair or Poor Health Status by Race/Ethnicity, 2007
NOTES: Respondents assessed their health status as excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor.
* The sample size for Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander was not large enough for reliable estimates.
DATA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey.
SOURCE: Health, United States, 2009, Table 57.
Share reporting fair or poor health:
Employer-
Sponsored
Insurance
52%
Uninsured
15%
Private Non-
Group
5%
Medicare
14%
Medicaid/
Other Public
13%
Private Non-
group
5%
Uninsured
17%
Medicaid/
Other Public
18%
Employer-
sponsored
Insurance
60%
400% FPL
and Above
10%
200-399% FPL
23%
100-199% FPL
29%
<100% FPL
38%
20%
89%
45%
29%
12%
5%
42%
71%
6%
18%
29%
35%
PrivateMedicaid/PublicUninsured
12%
27%
55%
52%
19%
14%
8%
12%
UninsuredAll Nonelderly
$8,167
$9,773
$2,713
$3,997
20052010
Worker Contribution
Employer Contribution
$4,247
$9,860
$1,543
$3,515
19992009
Employer Contribution
Worker Contribution
42%
50%
69%
55%
44%
59%
13%
26%
30%
12%
28%
28%
27%
32%
21%
19%
17%
28%
14%
74%
13%
36%
41%
66%
56%
47%
48%
7%
18%
11%
12%
7%
72%
22%
21%
NSD
32%
28%
21%
19%
14%
13%
0%20%40%
31%
34%
17%
28%
33%
23%
21%
41%
45%
69%
52%
45%
57%
13%
22%
20%
14%
21%
28%
14%
73%
20%
15%
14%
15%
14%
31%
46.7%
42.1%
24.2%
26.5%
23.4%
14.0%
25.0%
24.5%
12.4%
24%
65%
41%
28%
45%
17%
35%
33%
59%
30%
18%
37%
< 100% of poverty200% + of poverty< 100% of poverty200% + of poverty
14%
21%
13%
13%
20%
14%
39%
53%
40%
31%
48%
45%
White, Non-
Hispanic
HispanicAfrican
American
American
Indian/Alaska
Native
Asian and
NHPI
Two or More
Races
InsuredUninsured
20.9%
15.2%
5.9%
21.0%
15.1%
9.1%
22.6%
17.7%
9.4%
<100% of Poverty100-199% of Poverty200% + of Poverty
White, Non-HispanicHispanicAfrican-American, Non-Hispanic
18%
35%
29%
18%
65%
47%
41%
53%
18%
18%
29%29%
Black vs. White
(n=17)
Asian and
Pacific Islander
vs. White
(n=17)
American
Indian/Alaska
Native vs.
White (n=17)
Hispanic vs.
Non-Hispanic
White (n=17)
Improving
Same
Worsening
4.9
5.6
5.8
8.1
13.6
Asian and Native
Hawaiian/Pacific
Islander
HispanicWhite, Non-
Hispanic
American
Indian/Alaska
Native
African-American,
Non-Hispanic
4.7
5.4
5.4
3.8
5.8
5.9
4.2
6.6
9.1
6.5
8.2
10.1
11.5
13.9
15.1
17.5%
83.9%
63.6%
71.2%
67.1%
12.9%
63.9%
54.0%
15.7%
80.2%
64.7%
12.1%
74.4%
58.9%
17.9%
79.1%
68.2%
12
34
15
11
26
12
25
60
34
12
22
15
17
24
56
42%
20%
17%39%
64%
2%
16%
Health InsuranceIncomeOther**Unexplained
250.0
160.9
175.2
118.9
320.6
212.5
136.3
87.3
170.2
113.2
MenWomen
38%
55%
49%
36%
62%
5%
7%
9%
3%
2%
48%
58%
26%
33%
55%
24%
8%
6%
14%
9%
6%
12%
29%
4%
8.3%
13.0%
14.1%
7.1%
17.1%
16.8%
White, Non-
Hispanic
HispanicAfrican-
American, Non-
Hispanic
Asian Only*American
Indian/Alaska
Native
Two or More
Races
