Global societal paper DUE IN 36 HOURS

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PART 1: UNEMPLOYMENT AND LACK OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

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January 21, 2020

There are about 290 million youths aged 15 to 24 years who are unemployed in the United States. This may be because the economy does not create adequate job opportunities. When the economy is performing poorly, many people lack jobs because companies that would have employed them do not survive in the market as others merge or get dissolved. The huge number of youths who are unemployed shows that the United States is not fully utilizing its labor resources. Some youths may, however, lack the necessary skills to do various jobs. This forces employers to employ other people such as foreigners and older people. Lack of employment has led to an increase in crime levels among the youth. It has also led to a high level of drug abuse especially among the unemployed. Further research on the topic of unemployment uncovers more causes and consequences of unemployment. This paper aims to examine the causes, effects and solutions to unemployment and lack of economic opportunity among youths in the US and other countries.

Ananat, E. O., Gassman-Pines, A., Francis, D. V., & Gibson-Davis, C. M. (2017). Linking job loss, inequality, mental health, and education. Science, 356(6343), 1127-1128.

The authors Ananat, Gassman-Pines, Francis and Gibson-Davis examine the causes and effects of job losses on youths in the United States. They argue that job losses cause poor mental health among adolescents due to issues such as depression and failure to manage stress when they lack the jobs. They also argue that job losses cause low academic performance to those who are still studying and lead to an increase in income inequalities especially to the African-American students and poorer families. These local job losses in the United States are caused by issues such as globalization since most of the companies can now hire employees from developing countries. Many companies also set up other production companies abroad to cut on labor costs by hiring people from third world countries at lower wage rates. Those who suffer job losses due to globalization report frustration and anger (Ananat et al, 2017). This article is relevant to my paper because it explains one of the causes of unemployment among the youths and its consequences.

Bagchi, A., & Paul, J. A. (2018). Youth unemployment and terrorism in the MENAP (Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan) region. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 64, 9-20.

The authors Paul and Bagchi examine the effects of youth unemployment on terrorism levels in countries in North Africa and the Middle East. They argue that youth unemployment increases the terrorist activities in the countries in these regions. Terrorism has a negative effect on democracy and the political stability of a nation. When there is no political stability in a nation, the economy is affected because some people fear to work in such countries. Production companies, therefore, lack a skilled workforce because workers prefer to work in other regions that are safe. A poor economy increases the unemployment rates among the youths since the number of production companies that can hire them is reduced. Terrorism also leads to the depletion of natural resources due to misuse by several terrorist organizations. This article is relevant to my research paper because it examines some of the effects of youth unemployment specifically the increase in terrorism.

Molla, A. (2019). Challenges and Opportunities of Unemployed College Graduate Youth in Woldia Town (Doctoral dissertation, Addis Ababa University).

Professor Alemayehu Molla examines the opportunities and challenges of graduate youths who are unemployed. He also examines the unemployment causes among the youths in Woldia Town. Some of the unemployment causes he reports to include unfair selection procedures, lack of adequate job creation programs, poor governance and political unrest. Unfair recruitment procedures may be caused by job selection due to social ties and political affiliations. Politics are influential in many industries, therefore, those who are politically affiliated to specific parties are given jobs while other qualified candidates are ignored. If there could be enough job creation programs, many graduate youths would, however, be employed. Lack of employment increases their chances of involvement in political violence (Molla, 2019). The author concludes that there is a lack of adequate strategies and job creation opportunities for graduate youths. The article is relevant because it explains the causes of youth unemployment and also suggests some solutions such as governments ensuring that they conduct youth entrepreneurial training to ensure that they can also create jobs.

Shipping, Tatyana, Ekaterina Vasiutina, Anton Mosalev, and Robinah Nanyunja. "MODERN PROBLEMS OF YOUTH IN THE LABOUR MARKET: GLOBAL TRENDS AND RUSSIAN SPECIFICS." Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings (2018): 765-773.

Shpilina, Vasiutina, Mosalev, and Nanyunja argue that modern youths in both developing and developed countries are faced with the problem of unemployment. The causes of employment in both developed and developing countries, however, vary considerably. The causes of unemployment in developed countries are macroeconomic crises. For example, the great recession in the US-led to an increase in the unemployment rates among the youth. Unemployment in developing nations is caused by the inability to organize jobs sufficient for young people. The authors argue that youth unemployment rates have increased in nearly every part of the world. Lack of adequate finances or financial resources has also caused unemployment since financial institutions are unable to loan many youths so they can start their own businesses. Institutional traps also increase unemployment levels. This article is relevant to my research paper since it analyzes the causes of unemployment in both developing and developed nations.

Vancea, M., & Utzet, M. (2017). How unemployment and precarious employment affect the health of young people: A scoping study on social determinants. Scandinavian journal of public health, 45(1), 73-84.

The authors Utzet and Vancea examine the effects of unemployment on the youths in Europe. They argue that young people are vulnerable to various health problems when they are unemployed. The most common health problems caused by unemployment include poor quality of life and mental health disorders. These mental health disorders are caused by depression due to the lack of adequate income. The authors of the article also suggest some measures that should be taken to address the challenge of unemployment amongst the youths. These measures include training programs and having active labor markets. When the youths are adequately trained, they will work in companies due to the skills they will have adopted. Companies will not have to other people from developing nations or older people when there are skilled youths in their localities. This article is relevant to my paper because it also examines the effects of unemployment among the youths and suggests measures to be taken to curb unemployment.

REFERENCES

Ananat, E. O., Gassman-Pines, A., Francis, D. V., & Gibson-Davis, C. M. (2017). Linking job loss, inequality, mental health, and education. Science, 356(6343), 1127-1128.

Bagchi, A., & Paul, J. A. (2018). Youth unemployment and terrorism in the MENAP (Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan) region. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 64, 9-20.

Molla, A. (2019). Challenges and Opportunities of Unemployed College Graduate Youth in Woldia Town (Doctoral dissertation, Addis Ababa University).

Shpilina, Tatyana, Ekaterina Vasiutina, Anton Mosalev, and Robinah Nanyunja. "MODERN PROBLEMS OF YOUTH IN THE LABOUR MARKET: GLOBAL TRENDS AND RUSSIAN SPECIFICS." Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings (2018): 765-773.