Chapter 13 - Final Study Guide

WRITING STYLE

Types of Articles

Types of Articles/Writing

 Most works published in the academic world are the result of:

 Empirical studies

 Literature reviews

 Theoretical articles

 Case studies

 Methodological articles

These are all the result of research and are original in scope.

Characteristics of Published Articles

 The work represents research not previously

published

 Work that has been reviewed by peers prior to

submission

 Work that is archival and contributes to the current

state of knowledge

Empirical Studies

 These are reports of original research (this is the

type of work most of you will undertake)

 Consist of separate sections :

 Introduction- statement of the problem in question, purpose

of research, and historical antecedents

 Methods- procedures used to collect data

 Results- report of findings

 Discussion- summary, interpretation of the findings

Literature Reviews

 Are critical evaluations of previously published

material on a given topic

 Literature reviews:

 Define and clarify the problem

 Summarize previous data to make the reader aware of

earlier research

 Highlight contradictions, gaps, relations, and inconsistencies

in the literature

 Propose further steps to more thoroughly solve the problem

Theoretical and Methodological

Articles

 Theoretical Articles

 Draw on existing

research literature to

advance theory

 Similar in form to a

literature review

 Present information

only when it advances

a theoretical issue

 Methodological

Articles

 Present new

approaches or modify

existing methods

 Allows the reader to

compare proposed

methods to current

ones

Case Studies

 Are reports of case material gathered while

working with an individual, group, or organization

 Illustrate a problem, indicate a means for solving a

problem, or highlight needed research

 Authors must use case material responsibly

Ethical and Legal Standards

 Basic ethical and legal ideals underlie all scholarly

research and writing to ensure three goals:

 Ensure accuracy of scientific knowledge

 To protect the rights and welfare of research

participants

 To protect intellectual property rights

Publication of Data

 Scientific literature is institutional memory for a

given field of study

 It must accurately reflect the independence of

separate research efforts

 Duplicate and piecemeal publication of data

undermine these goals

Duplicate Publication

 Occurs when previously published data is

represented as original

 Gives a false impression as to the state of

knowledge or amount of information available on a

given topic

 It distorts the knowledge base

 Wastes resources

Plagiarism

 Do not claim the words or ideas of another scholar as

your own, giver credit where it is due. For clarification

of what constitutes plagiarism, read your APA

manual, section 1.10

Resources

 American Psychological Association (APA) (2010).

 Publication manual of the American Psychological

Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.