PSYSCHOLOGY PSY101
yolac
Tutorial8slides2020.pptxPSY101
Tutorial 8
Abstract
One paragraph
Between 150-250 words (not included in word count)
Briefly describe each section of the report
Research topic/problem
Method
Findings
Implications
Abstract example
Less effective executive functioning after one night's sleep deprivation.
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is affected negatively by sleep deprivation (SD) and executive functioning is largely dependent on activity in the PFC. Earlier studies have focused on subsystems of executive functioning, and tests of executive functioning have shown both low reliability and low validity. In the present study, 11 healthy volunteers were sleep deprived and compared with 11 healthy controls in a study on effects of one night's SD on integrative executive functioning. Following SD, the performance of subjects on an ecologically valid test, the modified Six Elements Test, was significantly impaired. There were no group differences on psychomotor vigilance, verbal or visuo-spatial working memory. This extends previous knowledge of performance effects of SD, and may be of special importance for individuals with cognitive work tasks.
Nilsson, J. P., Söderström, M., Karlsson, A. U., Lekander, M., Åkerstedt, T., Lindroth, N. E., & Axelsson, J. (2005). Less effective executive functioning after one night's sleep deprivation. Journal of Sleep Research, 14(1), 1-6.
In text citations
Acknowledge the original source of the information
Enable the reader to locate the original work
You must cite a source if you quote directly and if you paraphrase their findings/theories etc.
All cited sources need to be included in the reference list
Author name/s and year (when paraphrasing)
Author names/s, year and page number (when quoting)
Single author
MacMillan (1998) examined the relationship between…
Depression was found to impact on cognitive functioning (Anderson, 2006).
Faraday's 2003 study found that…
Two authors
MacMillan and Jones (1998) examined the relationship between…
Depression was found to impact on cognitive functioning (Anderson & Westley, 2006).
Faraday and Jackson’s 2003 study found that…
Three, four or five authors
Same rules for the first time the source is cited:
MacMillan, Haddon, Appleton and Jones (1998) examined the relationship between…
The study found a significant relationship between anxiety and sleep deprivation (MacMillan, Haddon, Appleton & Jones 1998).
Subsequent citings:
If in the text
Macmillan et al. found that anxiety levels increased significantly
Or if in brackets
Anxiety decreased significantly after the intervention (Macmillan et al., 1998).
Reference list
Full publication details of the information sources you have cited.
NOT a bibliography (a list of all the works consulted)
Alphabetical
Different formats for journal articles, books, book chapters, online sources
Reference list
Most commonly used source is a journal article;
Article Author, A. A., & Article Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume number (issue number if necessary), inclusive page numbers.
Nilsson, J. P., Söderström, M., Karlsson, A. U., Lekander, M., Åkerstedt, T., Lindroth, N. E., & Axelsson, J. (2005). Less effective executive functioning after one night's sleep deprivation. Journal of Sleep Research, 14(1), 1-6.
If the article has a DOI (digital object identifier) it is included after the page numbers;
Salchegger, S. (2016). Selective school systems and academic self-concept: How explicit and implicit school-level tracking relate to the big-fish-– little-pond effect across cultures. Journal of Educational Psychology, 108(3), 405-423. doi:10.1037/edu0000063
Reference list
Refer to guidelines in Burton, pages 150-159
http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/APA
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/
http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/index.aspx?_ga=1.120908936.1422111967.1443076540
Importance of facial expression and body language
Texting:
Can I borrow your text book?
Yes but please be careful with it
Importance of facial expression and body language
Texting:
Can I borrow your text book?
Yes but please be careful with it
Importance of facial expression and body language
Texting:
Can I borrow your text book?
Yes but please be careful with it
Importance of facial expression and body language
Texting:
Can I borrow your text book?
Cultural differences: what do these mean?
