reading note 9

Module Title: Turnover & Retention

This module introduces the essential HR outcomes of employee turnover and retention and

explains how distinguishing types of turnover is critical for diagnosing causes and designing

effective, ethical retention strategies. You’ll explore the connection between turnover drivers and

recruitment/selection decisions, learn how to calculate core rates, and evaluate when turnover

can be functional versus harmful.

Learning Outcomes

After completing this module, you should be able to:

• Explain the purpose and key types of turnover (voluntary/involuntary,

avoidable/unavoidable, functional/dysfunctional).

• Calculate and interpret turnover and retention rates for a defined period.

• Identify common drivers of turnover and map them to targeted retention tactics.

• Evaluate when turnover may be healthy and propose ethical, data‑informed actions to

improve retention.

Key Questions to Consider While Reading

• What are the standard definitions and formulas for turnover and retention in this course?

• How do turnover drivers differ across roles, and which are actionable by HR vs. line

leaders?

• When is turnover functional and when is it harmful to performance, equity, and culture?

• How can selection, development, rewards, and manager practices be used to reduce

avoidable turnover?