Planning, Negotiation, & Implementation Assignment

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PLANNING, NEGOTIATING & IMPLEMENTATION ASSIGNMENT 1

Planning, Negotiating & Implementation Assignment

Treylesia L. Alston

School of Behavioral Science, Liberty University

Author Note

Treylesia L. Alston (L32443087)

I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Treylesia L. Alston

Email: [email protected]

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PLANNING, NEGOTIATING & IMPLEMENTATION ASSIGNMENT 2

Introduction

The responsibility of launching projects and guaranteeing their success falls on the

shoulders of public administrators. Planning and carrying out the policies and programs that have

been decided upon is an essential component of development administration. This is because it

enables the exchequer to fulfill its commitments to the populace. Public administration's

fundamental objective is serving the public; most of the time, public administrators craft

programs and policies to address issues that are in the public's best interest. According to Khan

(2016), public policy directs actions and provides a framework for implementing decisions and

plans. A policy contains future goals, activities, and objectives, among other things, and provides

a way ahead to reach the specified targets. The implementation strategy is one of the most

important factors that influence the success of any policy program. It is possible to establish

appropriate policies and programs; however, the key to their success lies in the stage of

execution (Hudson, Hunter, & Peckam, 2016). As a result, the purpose of this assignment is to

discuss the numerous difficulties associated with implementing policies within the context of

public administration.

The case study used

An in-depth case study has been used in order to determine the difficulties encountered

by public administrators during the process of project design and execution. The case focuses on

the facilitation of a public policy issue, the practice of methods from the textbook, and the

confrontation of challenges not covered (Maser, 2014). In this case, the evidence includes video

clips taken from broadcasts of publicly-held events. The community, the public institution

accountable for the work, and any other stakeholders are the most important stakeholders within

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PLANNING, NEGOTIATING & IMPLEMENTATION ASSIGNMENT 3

the project. This is comparable to the main stakeholders in other policy projects. The following

issues stand out from the analysis of this case study:

Conflict of interest

Policy programs involve multiple stakeholders, including those who originate the

programs, implement them, and the community. The key bodies must reconcile disagreements

for a project to accomplish its desired aim. In this scenario, the community task force chosen to

advise the city council on the ownership of a small football club's proposal held a different

opinion than that of the city council (Maser, 2014). It is not a unique circumstance, but a typical

situation confronted by policy implementation organizations. Some government-initiated

development projects aim to empower society, while others address specific community needs.

When two or more parties are engaged, ideological disputes will likely be over what each party

considers fundamental. Harmonizing the differing perspectives has proven to be a difficult task.

If the initiative is not in the beneficiaries' best interests, they may oppose its execution in their

communities under certain conditions.

Funding challenges

Funding is crucial to implementing every project; most initiatives executed by public

administration are enormous undertakings requiring significant funding. Among these programs

are the construction and furnishing of hospitals, the development of bridges and roads, and

others. The owner of the minor football team has set criteria for the municipal council to meet to

allow him to acquire a massive franchise. The municipal council needs to repair the current

soccer stadiums (Maser, 2014). Construction, reconstruction, and refurbishment of such facilities

demand substantial funds, which the council might not be able to provide all at once.

Corruption

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PLANNING, NEGOTIATING & IMPLEMENTATION ASSIGNMENT 4

Theft of public funds is another name for corruption, which is a big obstacle in providing

services to the general populace. Corruption is a more general term. For the last few decades,

corruption has established deep roots within public offices, undermining their integrity and trust

in people and governments. The individuals who occupy positions inside corrupt institutions are

the ones who engage in corrupt behaviors; the institutions themselves are not corrupt. When

people in positions of power in the public sector use those powers to influence policy decisions

in ways that benefit themselves, this behavior is a symptom of moral degradation. According to

Hudson et al. (2019), there is a growing concern in the public sphere that programs fail to

achieve the objectives set for them. According to the most recent findings, those responsible for

procurement and those working in financial departments are at the forefront of fostering this

unethical activity. However, this problem is not confined to the departments that have been

named; rather, it is pervasive throughout several departments, particularly in countries that are

still developing. The realization of several projects has been hampered by corrupt methods,

which have also, in some cases, resulted in incompetent individuals being awarded tenders. The

corrupt activities cause leaders to reject Christian concepts ingrained in most civilizations since

individuals in those countries have already been introduced to Christian teachings and literature

that concentrate on value.

Importance of the following

Program Evaluation

The evaluation aims to determine whether or not the program is being directed

appropriately. It is carried out at different intervals to identify the steps made from the beginning

of a program or a project to get to the next level, and it is done to determine whether those steps

were successful. Evaluation helps to determine whether a program is moving in the right way

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PLANNING, NEGOTIATING & IMPLEMENTATION ASSIGNMENT 5

and whether or not the steps being taken could eventually lead to the overall objective. Khan

(2016) demonstrated that implementation is an essential stage; however, the effectiveness of

program implementation is highly reliant on early precautionary measures such as assessment of

the progress of exercise from step one to the next. It helps identify the points of weakness and

initiate the appropriate improvements and changes so that the project can be directed towards the

planned objective.

Policy Analysis

A policy establishes the framework for initiating actions and implementation of a project.

In order to define the goals of a proposed policy program, it is vital to analyze a given policy

framework. In addition, it is required to determine the parallels and differences between it and

other policies. It also can estimate expenditures for a program or project by comparing them to

those of similar programs performed elsewhere.

Conflict resolution and consensus building

Conflict is inescapable in human relations due to the diversity of public opinion and the

ideological disparities among public managers. Thus, bringing together all the divergent

viewpoints is vital to reach an agreement. People have their interests, and organizations each

have their requirements; therefore, all parties and components must be harmonized and

synchronized with a shared purpose and objective.

Covenant

A covenant is a legally enforceable agreement between organizations, individuals,

groups, or nations. The parties must abide by the covenant's contractual terms, as violations have

ramifications. Additionally, biblical beliefs offer the basis for covenantal agreements, such as the

one between God and Abraham. According to Fischer (2010), contacts through covenants hold

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PLANNING, NEGOTIATING & IMPLEMENTATION ASSIGNMENT 6

individuals accountable to one another and serve as the foundation for organizational operations.

Regarding dispute resolution, decision-making, and worker empowerment, legally binding

contracts have a lasting effect. It instills individuals with a sense of dedication to the agreements.

Statecraft

Statecraft supplies a nation with crucial skills and staff for implementing various

government activities. Statecrafts are knowledgeable about the numerous issues in the

governance and public administration domains and can therefore make educated judgments by

considering multiple perspectives. Their well-informed decision can help shape governmental

programs and policies.

Conclusion

There are numerous phases related to the planning and implementation of projects, and

each is significant and interdependent. The planning and execution of government policy

initiatives is the responsibility of public administrators; nonetheless, the process is fraught with

obstacles. These include ideological divisions between the parties, funding issues, and

governmental corruption. Implementation is a key phase of a project since it brings the paper

plans to life.

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PLANNING, NEGOTIATING & IMPLEMENTATION ASSIGNMENT 7

References

Fischer, K. (2010). Biblical-covenantal perspectives on organizational behavior and leadership,

Retrieved from;

file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/20200412122640covenant_and_organizational_behavior

_3_cs3.pdf

Hudson, B., Hunter, D., & Peckam, S. (2019). Policy failure and implementation gap,

Retrieved from; https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25741292.2018.1540378

Khan, A. (2016). Policy implementation; some aspects and issues, retrieved from;

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320549262_POLICY_IMPLEMENTATION_S

OME_ASPECTS_AND_ISSUES

Maser, S. (2014). Facilitating a public policy issue; practicing textbook tools, and confronting

Challenges that textbook do not address,

Retrieved from;

https://www.maxwell.syr.edu/uploadedFiles/parcc/eparcc/cases/Facilitating%20Public%2

0Policy%20Issue-%20Case.pdf

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