DB842

NOTE: Content highlighted in green throughout should NOT be included in any student’s

paper. Such content is included herein as flags to note and bring attention to special rules.

Prepared by Christy Owen, Liberty University’s Online Writing Center, [email protected].

LIBERTY UNIVERSITY

JOHN W. RAWLINGS SCHOOL OF DIVINITY

A Sample Paper for the Purpose of Correct Formatting

in Author-Date Style for Book Reviews Only

Submitted to Dr. Full M. Name

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of

OBST 515

Old Testament Orientation I

by

Claudia S. Sample

May 5, 2020

ii

Contents

(would not be included in a book review; included here for ease of access)

Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1

Basic Formatting ......................................................................................................................... 2

Page Numbering.................................................................................................................. 2

Thesis Statements................................................................................................................ 3

Organizing a Paper Using an Outline ....................................................................................... 4

Citations ....................................................................................................................................... 4

Permalinks........................................................................................................................... 5

Turabian – Ebooks with No Page Numbers ........................................................................ 5

Reference List Entries and Tips ................................................................................................. 6

Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 6

References .................................................................................................................................... 8

Turabian Chart of Citations in Author-Date format ............................................................. 10

1

Introduction

“Turabian” style is an abbreviated version of the more-comprehensive “Chicago” style.

Turabian is named for Kate L. Turabian (2018), the author of A Manual for Writers of Research

Papers, Thesis, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students & Researchers, which is currently

in its 9th printed edition. This sample paper will strive to provide students with the foundational

elements of a Turabian paper using the Author-Date format for students majoring in History,

Government, and Divinity students. This format is permitted only for book reviews; all other

class assignments must use the Notes-Bibliography format.

Many incoming students have opted not to purchase the Turabian manual. This can have

significant negative effects on those students’ ability to learn and master Turabian format.

Fortunately, Liberty University subscribes to the Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) database in

its Online Library for those students who do not have a current Turabian manual readily

available to them. This sample paper includes references to the correlating CMOS section(s),

delineated by red hyperlinked text to denote the relevant CMOS section. It is not proper to

include hyperlinks or colored lettering in academic class papers; those are merely included here

for ease-of-access purposes

This paper will focus primarily on the stylistic elements discussed in Chapters 18 and 19

of the Turabian manual (chapter 15 in the CMOS database). Students will need to incorporate

proper grammatical elements to their papers as well, but those will not be addressed in detail.

Many students’ papers will require an introductory section that summarizes or previews

the argument of the whole paper, though this is not universally required for all papers (Turabian

2018, 400). It should be set apart as a separate First-Level Subheading (addressed below). Leave

one double-space beneath the word Introduction and the text that follows as the body of the

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introduction, as shown above (Turabian 2018). Turabian suggests “that “most introductions run

about 10 percent of the whole” (107). This should be considered the maximum, as a proper

introduction of a 10-page paper can surely be done in less than a full page. She also suggests that

conclusions are typically shorter than introductions (107). Note that the page number is not

included in parenthetical citations unless “citing specific passages” (18.1.1) or using a direct

quote (see 18.3.1). Note also that author-date format does not ordinarily use footnotes; any

footnotes included herein are for instructional side-note purposes only. Do not mix footnotes in

with author-date format unless you are including a substantive comment pursuant to section

18.3.3 (15.31).

Basic Formatting

Formatting elements required include:

• One-inch margins on all four sides of the paper (Turabian 2018, 384).

• The Online Writing Center recommends Times New Roman size 12-pt. font except the content in any footnotes themselves, which should be Times New Roman 10-pt. font (see

385).

• Double-spacing throughout the body of the paper, except in the footnotes, block quotes, table titles, and figure captions. Lists in appendices should be single-spaced, too

(Turabian 2018, 385).

• Quotations should be blocked if the selection or passage is five or more lines (Section 25.2.2, 361). Blocked quotations are single-spaced with one blank line before and after

each excerpt, and the entire left margin of the block quote is indented one half-inch. No

quotation marks are used when using blocked quotations. Turabian requires blocked

quotes to be introduced in the writer’s own words (Turabian 2018, 361).

Page Numbering

The title page should not include any page number (A.1.4, 385), although it is considered

the first page of any paper. The front matter (anything between the title page and the first page of

the body of the paper) should be numbered with lowercase Roman numerals centered in the

footer (Turabian 2018, 386), beginning with ii, to correspond with the fact that it begins on page

3

two. The paper’s body, reference list, and appendices display Arabic numerals (i.e., 1, 2, 3)

placed flush-right in the header, beginning with page 1 on the first page of the body of the paper

(Turabian 2018, 386).

Thesis Statements

Section A.2.1.4 of the Turabian manual discusses the placement and labeling of an

abstract or thesis statement. Specifically, it acknowledges that “most departments or universities

have specific models … that you should follow exactly for content, word count, format,

placement, and pagination” (Turabian 2018, 389). Since this can vary from one professor to

another, this paper will not include a separate sample thesis statement page. Do not confuse a

purpose statement with a thesis statement, however. A purpose statement states the reason why

the paper is written. For all practical purposes, the purpose statement introduces the thesis

statement. An example of a purpose statement is, “The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate

that when one recognizes God’s freedom, he/she can find biblical inerrancy defensible.” An

example of a thesis statement is, “Biblical inerrancy is defensible in the context of divine

freedom.” Remember, it is the purpose and thesis statements that determine the form and content

of an outline.

The distinction between a purpose statement and a thesis statement is important. The

purpose of this sample paper is to provide a template for the correct formatting of a research

paper. The thesis is: “Students who use this paper as a sample or template are more likely to

format their papers correctly in the future.”

4

Organizing a Paper Using an Outline

When writing a paper, organize your outline first so that you are able to plan how you

will make your argument and then give your reasoning and evidence to support your thesis

statement. Your first paragraph of each section should explain how this will fit into your

reasoning, and then each section will end with a summary of how the evidence has shown your

reasoning to be correct. Also, transitions are very helpful at the end of each major section so that

the reader anticipates how the next section is connected to the logical progression of the

reasoning you use to support your thesis.

Most LU research papers will be no longer than twenty pages and generally will not have

long and detailed outlines or subheadings beyond the third level. Details appropriate for the

fourth or fifth heading level tend to distract the reader’s attention from the overall thesis within a

short essay (typically fewer than 20 pages). Even if a fourth level is unavoidable, a fifth level is

discouraged.

Citations

Though Turabian allows two forms of citing your sources in the body of a paper, this

sample paper focuses exclusively on the author-date style, which is permitted only for book

review assignments at Liberty University. Chapter 19 of your Turabian manual focuses on these

elements (Chapter 15 in the CMOS). An example of each of the major types of resources a

student may ever cite in a book review is included herein for sample purposes. Book by one

author (Doniger 1999, 65; Turabian 2018, 225).

• Book by two authors (Cowlishaw and Dunbar 2000, 104-7; Turabian 2018, 225).

• Book by three authors (Owenby, Outback, and Dunn 2017, 11-12; Turabian 2018, 226).

• Book by four or more authors (Laumann et al. 1994, 262; Orphen et al. 2018, 9-11; Turabian 2018, 226). Note that your bibliography entry must name all authors for

5

resources with three to ten authors, but resources with more than ten authors just list

the first seven and add et al.

• Editor, translator, or compiler instead of author (Lattimore 1951, 91-92; Turabian 2018, ,239).

• Editor, translator, or compiler in addition to author (Bonnefoy 1995, 22; Turabian 2018, 239).1

• Chapter or other part of a book (Wiese 2006, 106-7; Turabian 2018, 226, 250-51).

• Article or chapter in an edited book (Bulgakov 1998, 65; Turabian 2018, 251-52).

• Preface, foreword, introduction, or similar part of a book (Rieger 1982, xx-xxi; Turabian 2018).

• Works in anthologies (Allende 1997, 463-64 Turabian 2018, 252).

• Book published electronically (Kurland and Lerner 1987, chap. 3; Turabian 2018, 253).

• Kindle or e-reader book with no page numbers (Earley 2013, loc 105; Turabian 2018, 253).

Permalinks

Some resources have permalinks available. They may appear as a paperclip or linked-

chains icon, or by the word Permalink. This webpage explains more. The age of internet

technology has significantly increased the number of resources available online, which trend is

expected to continue. URLs based on DOIs are most reliable; use those whenever possible. If no

DOI-based URL, use a permalink when available (Turabian 2018, 145). If you cannot find a

viable URL that does not require log-on credentials, then omit the URL altogether and substitute

the name of the database (i.e., ProQuest).

Turabian – Ebooks with No Page Numbers

Section 19.1.10 addresses electronic books (Turabian 2018, 253-54).2 The third paragraph

in that section on page 253 has all the specifics, including not citing app-specific location

1 Only name the author in such a parenthetical citation; see section 19.1.1.1 on page 239 of your Turabian

manual.

2 For those students who do not have ready access to the Turabian 9th manual, the CMOS database does not

include a section in chapter 15 (author-date format) on ebooks. However, section 14.160 (notes-bibliography format)

6

numbers, but instead citing the details necessary for your reader to locate that content in any

version of that resource (i.e., chapter or section name or number).

Reference List Entries and Tips

In Turabian format, the word References is used only with author-date format; the

reference entries in Turabian’s notes-bibliography format are referred to as the Bibliography.

The reference list itself begins on a new page following the Conclusion even though a great deal

of room may be left on a final page. To do this, hold down the “Ctrl” key and then hit the

“Enter” key, which will drop the cursor down to an entirely new page to start the reference list.

Type the word References, centered, in bold type, followed by one blank line. The reference list

is single-spaced but with a blank line (or 12-pt line space after) inserted between each entry.

Chapter 19 of the Turabian manual is dedicated to the various forms of reference list entries used

in author-date format. Note that the first author’s name is always inverted (last name, first), and

the second+ author(s)’s name(s) are not.

Conclusion

The conclusion of a paper in Turabian style should reiterate the thesis (though not

necessarily verbatim) and provide the audience with a concise summary of all the major points.

The importance of an effective conclusion cannot be overstated, as it frames the writer’s closing

thoughts and should provide a lasting impression on the reader. This section would ordinarily be

the last one in a paper, preceding the reference list.

This would be the last page of text in the body of the paper. Drop down to the next page

before beginning your reference list, even if your conclusion ends on the top of a page.

discusses the locator details to include when a page number is not available. In author-date format, those would

only be included in the parenthetical citation when you include a direct quote.

7

Ordinarily, there should be no coloring in any research paper, and no footnotes in the reference

list. However, both are included below to help delineate among the different types of resources,

as a teaching tool for students.

8

References

Allende, Isabel. 1997. “The Spirits Were Willing.” In The Oxford Book of Latin American

Essays, edited by Ilan Stavans, 461-67. New York: Oxford University Press.3

Bonnefoy, Yves. 1995. New and Selected Poems. Edited by John Naughton and Anthony Rudolf.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press.4

Bulgakov, Sergius. 1995. “The Virgin and the Saints in Orthodoxy.” In Eastern Orthodox

Theology: A Contemporary Reader, 65-75. Edited by Daniel B. Clendenin. Grand

Rapids: Baker Books.5

Cowlishaw, Guy, and Robin Dunbar. 2000. Primate Conservation Biology. Chicago: University

of Chicago Press.6

Doniger, Wendy. 1999. Splitting the Difference. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 7

Earley, Dave, and Rod Dempsey. 2013. Disciple Making Is . . . : How to Live the Great

Commission with Passion and Confidence. Nashville: B&H Publishers. Kindle.8

Gorman, James. 2002. “Endangered Species.” Review of The Last American Man, by Elizabeth

Gilbert. New York Times Book Review, June 2, 2002.9

Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. 1987. The Founders’ Constitution. Chicago:

University of Chicago Press. Accessed May 27, 2016. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/

founders/.10

Lattimore, Richmond, trans. 1951 The Iliad of Homer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.11

3 Work in an anthology.

4 Editor or translator in addition to author.

5 Article or chapter in an edited book.

6 Book with two authors.

7 Book with one author.

8 Kindle or e-reader book (no pages).

9 Book review.

10 Book published electronically.

11 Editor or translator instead of author.

9

Laumann, Edward O., John H. Gagnon, Robert T. Michael, and Stuart Michaels. 1994. The

Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States. Chicago:

University of Chicago Press.12

Orphen, Mark, Linda Chastain, Ben Frankel, Caleb Frankel, Keith Miller, Barbara Martin, Chad

Gowen et al. Flying Like Eagles. Chicago: University of Chicago Pres, 2018.13

Owenby, Silas, Marcus Outback, and Robert Dunn. 2017. In His Service. Chicago: University of

Chicago Press. 14

Rieger, James. 1982. Introduction to Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary

Wollstonecraft Shelley, xi–xxxvii. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.15

Turabian, Kate L. 2018. A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations:

Chicago Style for Students and Researchers. 9th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago

Press.

Wiese, Andrew. 2006. “‘The House I Live In:’ Race, Class, and African American Suburban

Dreams in the Postwar United States.” In The New Suburban History, edited by Kevin M.

Kruse and Thomas J. Sugrue, 99–119. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.16

12 Book with four to seven authors.

13 Resource with more than ten authors. Name the first seven authors, followed by et al.

14 Book with three authors.

15 Preface, foreword, introduction, or similar part of a book.

16 Chapter or other part of a book.

10

Turabian Chart of Citations Visual showing the various citation elements in Turabian’s Author-Date format for book review assignments

One Author

Parenthetical Reference

• (Huxley 1932, 25) Huxley, Aldous. 1932. Brave New World. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co.

Two-Three Authors

Parenthetical Reference

• (Cohn and Levithan 2007, 56) Cohn, Rachel, and David Levithan. 2007. Nick & Norah's Infinite Playlist. New York: Alfred K.

Knopf Books for Young Readers.

• (Frey, Bolton, and Lannister 2013, 300) Frey, Walder, Roose Bolton, and Tywin Lannister. 2013. Wedding Planning in Westeros. King's

Landing: Castamere Publishing.

Four to Ten Authors — list ALL authors, up to ten

Parenthetical Reference

(Blake et al. 2008, 178-182)

• Blake, John, Kirk Langdon, Hannah Greenberg, and Patrick Smith. 2008. The Lost Decade: History of

Lost Oral Traditions. New York, NY: Hunter Publishing.

More than Ten Authors — list the first seven authors and add et al.

Parenthetical Reference

(Orphen et al. 2018, 9-11). Orphen, Mark, Linda Chastain, Ben Frankel, Caleb Frankel, Keith Miller, Barbara Martin, Chad

Gowen et al. Flying Like Eagles. Chicago: University of Chicago Pres, 2018.

11

Author plus Editor

Parenthetical Reference

• (Rockwell 2006, 56) Rockwell, Jovi. 2006. The Stray Cats of Lynchburg: A Guide to Cat Identification. Edited by

Chris M. Schulz. Lynchburg, VA: Warwick House Publishing.

Book Review

Parenthetical Reference

(Mokyr 2011, 753)

Mokyr, Joel. 2011. Review of Natural Experiments of History, edited by Jared Diamond and

James A. Robinson. American Historical Review 116, no. 3 (June 2011): 752-55.

Electronic Book or ebook

Parenthetical Reference

• (Kacon 2007, 249) Kacon, Bevin. 2007. Not Kevin Bacon: Seriously, That’s Someone Else. Boston: Boston

University Publishing. Kindle.

Organization as Author

Parenthetical Reference

(Canadian Pro-Canada Association 2008, 184) Canadian Pro-Canada Association. 2008. Top Fifty Canadians of All Time. Montreal: Canada

Wild Publishers.

Anonymous Author

Parenthetical Reference

• (A Presidential Novel, 2011, 15) • A Presidential Novel. 2011. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Single Chapter in a Book (by same author)

Parenthetical Reference

(Powell 2004, 35) Powell, Michael. 2012. “Enjoying the Best of Life.” In Living Fully, 32-40. London: Penguin

Books.