road transport technology
jhh19970724
TTA302Maintenance1stLecture2016.pdf
What is maintenance?
Activities required or undertaken to conserve as nearly,
and as long, as possible the original condition of an
asset or resource while compensating for normal wear
and tear.
Why is maintenance required on Vehicles?
Cars, trucks and buses are made up of hundreds of parts.
Regardless whether these parts are moving parts, or structural parts,
they are prone to wear.
What needs checking?
Structural parts:
require checking for security, corrosion and abrasion
Moving parts:
Require checking for damage, wear, leaks, and correct
lubrication
What are these parts and what goes wrong?
What are these parts and what goes wrong?
What are these parts and what goes wrong?
What are these parts and what goes wrong?
What are these parts and what goes wrong?
What are these parts and what goes wrong?
What are these parts and what goes wrong?
What are these parts and what goes wrong?
What are these parts and what goes wrong?
What are these parts and what goes wrong?
What are these parts and what goes wrong?
Transport Management and Maintenance
Effective management of any machinery, will incorporate a maintenance schedule, an inspection plan
and a Ministry Inspection.
Maintenance and inspections are normally classed as two separate events:
o Maintenance of equipment of machinery, will involve replacing parts before they fail. Every
component fitted to a vehicle will have a working life, this may be identified by hours used, or for
Road Vehicles, this is usually expressed in kilometres or miles. Examples of items requiring
replacement are, Brake Pads, Wheel Bearings, Lubricants and Filters.
o Inspections are usually carried out to ensure no damage has occurred to components, or to
ensure excessive wear hasn’t taken place (this can often occur with a vehicles change of use).
Ministry Inspections are required annually for Heavy Vehicles and are carried out externally to ensure
the vehicle is operating within the law.
Light Vehicles are required to have their first Ministry Inspection after their first three years of
registration has lapsed and subsequently on a yearly basis.
Maintenance, what is required?
1st use inspection, for new vehicles and if leasing or sharing vehicles
Daily walk-around check (driver)
Regular Safety Inspection + Servicing inline with manufacturers recommendations
Annual Ministry Inspection
Inspection and Servicing records kept for 15 Months
Drivers defect sheets 15 Months
Simple method for reporting defects
For more information on Maintenance, visit the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency website (DVSA) at the following link.
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/321988/guide-to- maintaining-roadworthiness.pdf
Daily Walk around Check (Van)
Daily Walk around Check (PSV)
Daily Walkaround Check (HGV)
Inspection frequency
Inspection frequency
Service Staff
As a depot manager or operator, it is your role to ensure that the fleet is maintained and those
maintaining the fleet are qualified. For Maintenance staff, a good level of assessment is the
IRTEC licensing scheme, this is already being adopted by companies such as the Post Office and
Pullman Fleet services amongst many others.
Selection of technicians is critical to the efficiency of your transportation company, either opt for
qualified technicians, or where possible it may be more effective to train your own staff in
conjunction with an approved apprenticeship programme.
Security
Holding on to well maintained vehicles is critical, as an absent vehicle will not pay wages. It is
therefore your role to educate on vehicle security.
In the UK more than 3000 HGV’s are stolen each year with only 12% ever being recovered.
Inform your drivers not to discuss loads or routes, additionally ensure you have a robust system
for securing keys and vehicles.
Service items, such as fuel and tyres are extremely valuable and desirable, lock these away and
use CCTV, or they will be stolen!!
Telematics
You may decide to utilise vehicle tracking systems on your fleet, the advantages are endless and
vary depending on the type of fleet operation you manage.
Tracking devices enable instant information on vehicle location.
Hands free kits are an essential item if you expect to contact your driver whilst working; you may
also wish to analyse the benefits of installing satellite navigation equipment.
LFE
Load Factor Efficiency
Workshop Loading
• As fleet manager you will be expected to optimise the
use of your available resources.
Inspections and Services
Components wear out throughout their life. Items such as Brake linings and tyres are
probably the most common items to be replaced. Throughout fleet operation, you will be
able to determine life expectancies of components, based upon your fleet history*.
A service will be scheduled to replace any items on a routine basis, such as oil and filters.
This may also include brake replacements and other ancillaries.
An Inspection will be scheduled to ensure no premature failure has occurred to
components, or damage has occurred to the vehicle.
Further to the Service and Inspection, a Ministry Inspection will take place annually, to
ensure that the vehicle is being maintained to an appropriate standard.
*A change in use for any vehicle will mean a change in life expectancy for components
Vehicle Selection
5 Door 1.5 TDCi 95PS Diesel 6 Speed
C02 99g/km
Recommended on the road price - £18,295.00
5 Door 1.6 TDI 5-door 5 speed manual 110PS
C02 99g/km
Recommended on the road price £21,025.00
Service interval:
1 Year, or 10,000 miles
Service interval:
1 Year, or 10,000 miles
Servicing
Resale
Resale price:
3 years old
80000 miles
£7500
Resale price:
3 years old
80000 miles
£8280
Total Life Cost After 3 Years & 80k
Life Cost £14368
Deprecation £12745
Servicing £1623 10000- 159
20000- 329
30000- 159
40000- 329
50000- 159
60000- 329
70000- 159
Total up to 80000 = £1623
Life Cost £12218
Deprecation £10795
Servicing £1423 10000- 189
20000- 189
30000- 239
40000- 189
50000- 189
60000- 239
70000- 189
Total up to 80000 = £1423
£2150
Comparisons
Cost £19,650
Service Interval:
30,000 or 2 years
Cost £21,145
Service Interval:
15,000 or 1 year
Objectives
• At the end of this presentation you will understand the license requirements for
EU road vehicles
• You will understand the type for vehicle for license categories
• You will be aware of Driver Rules and EU working hours
• You will be aware of the requirements to secure loads
• You will have an understanding of Load Factor Efficiency
Motorbikes, Cars and Small/Medium Sized Vehicles
Category Description Minimum Age
Test Restrictions
AM Moped
• Two-wheel vehicles or three wheel vehicles with a maximum design speed of over 25km/h and not more than
45km/h.
Light quadricycle
• With an unladen mass of not more than 350kg, not including the mass of the batteries in the case of electric
vehicles, whose maximum design speed is over 25km/h and
not more than 45km/h.
16 CBT
A1 Motorcycles
• A motorcycle with a cylinder capacity not exceeding 125cc, of a power not exceeding 11kW and with a power to
weight ratio not exceeding 0.1kW per kg.
• A motor tricycle with a power not exceeding 15kW.
17 CBT
A2 A motorcycle of a power not exceeding 35kW, with a power to weight ratio not exceeding 0.2kW per kg and not
derived from a vehicle of more than double its
power. 19 CBT
A A motorcycle of a power exceeding 35kW or with a power to weight ratio exceeding 0.2kWper kg, or
• A motorcycle of a power not exceeding 35kW with a power to weight ratio not exceeding 0.2kW per kg and
derived from a vehicle of more than double its power.
• A motor tricycle with a power exceeding 15kW. 24 TEST
B Cars Motor vehicles with a MAM not
exceeding 3500kg and designed and constructed for the carriage of no more than eight passengers in addition to
the driver with a trailer up to 750kg.
• Motor vehicles with a MAM not exceeding 3500kg and designed and constructed for the carriage of no more
than eight passengers in addition to the driver with a trailer over 750kg, where the combination MAM is not
exceeding 3500kg.
17 TEST
C1 Medium sized vehicles
• Vehicles between 3500kg and
7500kg, and designed and
constructed for the carriage of no more
than eight passengers in addition to
the driver with a trailer up to 750kg.
18 TEST
Driving Licenses
Driving Licenses Large Goods Vehicles and Passenger Carrying Vehicles
Category Description Minimum Age Test Restrictions
C Large goods vehicles
• Vehicles over 3500kg with a trailer up to 750kg, and designed and constructed for the carriage of no more than
eight passengers in addition to the driver. 21
Cat B
MEDICAL TEST
+ CPC
D1 Minibuses
• Vehicles with no more than 16 passenger seats in addition to the driver and with a maximum length not
exceeding eight metres with a trailer up to 750kg. 21
Cat B
MEDICAL TEST
+ CPC
D Buses
• Any bus designed and constructed for the carriage of more than eight passengers in addition to the driver, with a
trailer up to 750kg. 24
Cat B
MEDICAL TEST
+ CPC
BE Small vehicles and trailers
• Combinations of vehicles consisting of a vehicle in category B and a trailer, where the combination does not
come within category B, and the MAM of the trailer or semi-trailer
does not exceed 3500kg. 17 TEST
C1E
Medium sized vehicles and trailers
• Vehicles between 3500kg and 7500kg with a trailer over 750kg and designed and constructed for the carriage of
no more than eight passengers in addition to the driver – combined weight not more than 12000kg.
21 Cat B
MEDICAL TEST
+ CPC
CE Large goods vehicles with trailers
• Vehicles over 3500kg and designed and constructed for the carriage of no more than eight passengers in
addition to the driver with a trailer over 750kg.
21
Cat B
MEDICAL TEST
+ CPC
D1E Minibuses with trailers
• Vehicles with no more than 16 passenger seats in addition to the driver and with a maximum length not
exceeding 8 metres with a trailer over 750kg, provided that the MAM of the combination formed does not exceed
12000kg.
21 CPC
DE Buses with trailers
• Any bus designed and constructed for the carriage of more than eight passengers in addition to the driver, with a
trailer over 750kg.
24 Cat B
MEDICAL TEST
+ CPC
Vehicle Types B
C/D1
16 Seats max
Vehicle Types
D
CE
Certificate of Professional Competence CPC
Assesses the operator’s ability to understand the following:
• Vehicle safety
• Practical driving
• Off-road driving
