Health ED

Treatment and Prevention

Prevention

· Strategies

· Reduce Supply

· Reduce Demand

Goals of Prevention

· Prevent or delay initial drug and alcohol use

· Minimize risks of drugs to the user

· Reduce drug use in communities

· Prevent drug dependency

· Teach responsible drug use

· Stop drug use after patterns have started

Prevention

· Primary prevention- aims to avert drug use starting or extending beyond experimental

· Secondary Prevention- consists of early intervention for risk groups to stop escalation of drug use

· Tertiary prevention- seeks to support drug abusers after treatment has been implemented

Social Influence Model

· Five key elements of the social influence model

1. Training in refusal skills through films, discussion, and practice

· Students taught ways to refuse without being negative as well as ways to be assertive and insist on the right to refuse

2. Public commitment such as making a public pledge

3. Countering advertising by inoculating children against it

· Students taught to analyze and discover the hidden messages in ads and how these messages differ from the actual effects of smoking

· Example: Ads associating cigarette use with healthy young athletes

4. Normative education to teach students that they may overestimate the number of their peers who smoke

· Countering the “everybody is doing it” attitude

5. Use of teen leaders to talk to younger students about cigarettes

· Older students can explain that neither they nor their friends smoke and how they have dealt with others’ attempts to get them to smoke

Ecological Model

· Person in Environment

· Individual perceptions & beliefs

· Family interactions & behavior

· Social Interactions: peers

· Community: School, work opportunities, local law enforcement

· Environment: access and marketing of drugs and alcohol, mass media

Goals of Treatment

· Attain and Maintain abstinence from the drug or behavior

· Develop a personally meaningful lifestyle

· Functioning in family

· Workplace

· Society

Benefits of Treatment

· Costly, but less expensive than imprisonment

· Reduces drug use

· Reduces crime and homelessness

· Increases employment

· Reduces risk of HIV/ AIDS

Treatment Program

· Abstinence

· Structured Recovery Program

· Repair of Biopsychosocial Damage

· Physical

· Psychological

· Family

· Community

Treatment Stages

· Detoxification

· Active Treatment

· Aftercare = Relapse Prevention

· Medically assisted aftercare

· Methadone maintenance, antabuse (disulfiram), nicotine patches

Treatment Types

· Outpatient – can the person function out on their own? Clinic services range from drop-in counseling to formal counseling to vocational counseling.

· Inpatient— medical hospital or residential model - very structured environment

Problems Associated with Treatment

· DENIAL

· Client resistant to treatment

· Community resistance

· Continuing drug use

· Relapse

· Personnel recruitment and retention

Alcoholics Anonymous

· 12 Steps and 12 Traditions

· Basis for other recovery programs:narcotics anonymous, cocaine anonymous, overeaters, debtors, sex addicts, gambling, cyber addicts, fundamentalists, etc.

· Also the basis for family and friends: Al-Anon, Cocaine Anon, Nar-Anon, S-Anon etc.