nursing

Medical Indications

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

Patient Preferences

Autonomy

· Immediate treatment of acute glomerulonephritis

· Fluid buildup due to blood pressure hence need for immediate dialysis

· Loss of mobility due to stroke

· Infection tends to improve on their own or with an antibiotic

· Forego the dialysis and place their faith in God

· Healed through prayers

Quality of Life

Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Autonomy

Contextual Features

Justice and Fairness

Autonomy

· James parents had the right to choose what was right for their child

· Their choice, though within their right of taking James for spiritual healing, contraindicated with medical professionalism, the doctor used medical ethics to allow them their independent decision

· James parents are allowed to choose if their son should be allowed to donate the kidney to his twin brother

Beneficence

· Medical doctors only advised on the possible donor since it would have brought more harm to the parents

· The doctor carried out regular analysis to stabilize James and reduce pain

Nonmaleficence

· The doctor avoided causing harm to the patient by stabilizing him

· He advised, though painful, that to stop the harm, they should consider having Samuel as the donor

· The patient should be told the truth even when it hurts, .i.e. the doctor advised on the best match even when it was hurting; therefore, justice and fairness to the patient

· Allowing the parents to make their independent decision is fairness

· Stabilizing the patient is justice

Beneficence and Non-maleficence. Beneficence involves balancing the benefits of treatment against the cost and risks involved, whereas non-maleficence refers to avoiding the causality to experience more harm (Kotak & Ahuja, 2020). As many treatments involve some degree of harm, non-maleficence implies that the harm should not be disproportionate to the treatment's benefit. According to the Christian worldview, God is the giver of life and can harvest or take one's life if your time has reached. James' parents believed in God rather than the doctors; hence placed their faith in God and prayed for their son's recovery and good health. In many cases where the patient or the patient's parents lack legal competence to make decisions, the medical staff steps in their interests (Haddad & Geiger, 2018).

However, when the doctor saw that James' health had elevated, he advised his parents that immediate dialysis was to be conducted. Since James' parents were Christians, they hesitated and placed faith in God to work miracles on their son. By doing so, they took into account the principle of beneficence and non-maleficence. James' parents would try to protect their son's life by allowing Samuel to donate one of his kidneys to his brother; however harmful or painful it was, God will see them through. As Christians, we should seek medication first and pray to God that the medication works full recovery.

As Christians, it justice for Samuel to donate a kidney for his brother because he will be saving a life. The doctor was justice to request a kidney donation; although it will be more painful to James' parents and Samuel, it was justice to James.

Christians have a role to play in their health and that of people close to them. In balancing justice and fairness, Christians should look at James's fair manner of getting the best medication for his treatment. His parents should also receive the best out of the condition of their son. They should be allowed to make their decisions in what is just and fair to them.

Autonomy should allow them to make independent decisions based on their judgment. It should be a matter of their choices to the Christian doctrines they believe in and their child's best care. As a Christian, beliefs, and respect for another person's faith should be paramount.

Beneficence and non-maleficence are based on the doctors' ability to respect the patient's decisions. As a Christian, it is crucial to respect the choices made by other people. This should be in tandem with the medical practitioner's advice and action to guarantee the patient's health and the desire to help as the medical expert.

Beneficence, nonmaleficence, and autonomy should allow the patient to get the best care to treat the disease (Kotak & Ahuja, 2020). As a Christian, it is imperative to allow one to make independent decisions on their patients' health and their ability to afford it. In this case, it was a difficult decision for James' parents, together with Samuel, to accept to donate his kidney to his ailing brother.