Objective Summary 1
Introduction
Cobert et al. (2018) extensively researched blockchain technology and the essential topics in such markets. The authors come from higher learning institutions like Dublin City University and Trinity College Dublin. The authors present the study in 2018 about the major topic since the development of Bitcoin as a financial asset in 2009 up to 2018. The main areas of the research paper include how blockchain technology has evolved, the developments happening in such markets, and unique issues about such demands. The researchers wanted to analyze various literature surrounding the growth of blockchain markets.
Summary
The paper starts with a critical analysis of the dilemmas with this new currency that the world should be adapting to. Those individuals and organizations that vouch for such a new form of currency suppose that the world has a lot to gain from the safe and secure means of transaction. The authors also explain that direct transactions and payments between parties could be at risk of pricing bubbles. Cobert et al. (2018) suppose that this currency could endure the problem of price bubbles because of the recent increase in the price of Bitcoin. The new technology in finance will impact financial regulations because it brings forth a new set of currencies that traders will engage in. Companies that diversify to this technology are better positioned to earn returns as their income is also diversified.
Surprisingly, the authors suggest that Bitcoin technology consumes more energy in the present than before. Other studies indicate that bitcoin technology only consumes a little power since mining costs exceed revenue.
Conclusion
The paper discusses the topic of crypto technology and its evolution since its inception in 2009. Such technology is a peer-to-peer electronic cash payment method that users can use without following the formalities of banks. Bitcoin's price volatility comes from two features: cybercrime and its disorientation from the current financial regulations. The author supports that Government action affects the price of Bitcoin similarly to those sanctions in South Korea (Cobert et al., 2018). Crypto technology and Bitcoin have faced a lot of cybercrimes that have amounted to millions of dollars in losses by stakeholders in the market. This research would be beneficial to all the stakeholders in the field of blockchain, including both buyers and other beneficiaries. The authors also recommend diversifying research in the cashless currency of crypto. Thus, this technology can be the future of financial transactions, but the market needs to understand its evolution and what regulations fit.
Objective Summary 2
Introduction
Previous research has been keen on the factors that seem to have an effect on the volatility and risk of the stock market. The authors in this study presume that all other research in the past has been focusing in the risks of stock exchange. The authors of this particular research put effort in explaining the relationship between blockchain and the market of stock exchange. Masoomzadeh and Salmani (2022) determine that the technology of blockchain could indeed be used to control several risks that arise in the stock market. The researchers, who are also members of Tabriz University, are qualified for such kind of research. These researchers embarked on research in the year 2021 in Iran.
Summary
The authors use applied research to find and fulfill the purpose of the study. The analytical part of the research explained the analysis of various findings. The authors of this paper made effort to determine whether those companies in the business of stock trade would benefit from the improvisation of blockchain techniques, especially in Iran. The study period was between April 2011 to August 2021. The authors use documentaries and library means from the stock exchange of Iran to collect statistics for the research. The results show that the market share negatively affects the total risk. The total risk of the market rises by 0.01% when the market share of the stock rises by 1%. The finding of the study showed that the profits that companies can get out of transactions are inversely proportional to the risks that they face. Most importantly, blockchain technology positively influences risk since it increases risk by 0.0002.
Conclusion
The authors through this research were able to conclude that the risk of returns in the Iranian stock market were under the influence of blockchain techniques. Companies could use blockchain technology to reduce the cost and risk as well by making transactions more transparent.
Objective Summary 3
Introduction
Mahdavieh (2019) conducted research to analyze the characteristics of kleptocratic regimes and how these attributes help to adopt cryptocurrency strategies of the government. The paper by Mahdavieh (2020) was impactful in showing that developing countries like Iran have suffered a lot from the restrictions of the first world countries like America. The authors were determining whether the national governments are likely to implement new cryptocurrency policies, especially in kleptocratic regimes.
Summary
The research methodology was a complex analysis of statistics to determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The author used Mill’s method of agreement to establish whether attributes lead to the same outcome, thus confirming the correlation. The author also went further to conduct a comparative case study of the three countries. The findings of the study showed that cryptocurrency is initially part of the citizens of Iran, Russia, and Venezuela. The citizens of these countries share the attributes of a depreciating currency because of the sanctions from the West. Sanctions from western nations like the US continue to depreciate the value and progress of the economy. The economic growth of Iran, Russia, and Venezuela reduce by respective values of 3.7%, 1.5%, and -3.8%. Cryptocurrency brings in more opportunities through elements like digital technology and cyber capabilities that are more advanced. Cryptocurrency is a kind of banking that is not dependent on the dollar.
Conclusion
The research shows that each of the kleptocratic countries shares common attributes. The common attributes include exploitation of rich resource capabilities, inflation and unstable conditions of the economy, and unending sanctions from the Western countries that seem to raise the level of inflation and limit the extent to which these nations engage in international trade. Countries like Iran need to implement safer measures for cryptocurrency to increase the safety of the financials of citizens.
Reference
Corbet, S., Lucey, B., Urquhart, A., & Yarovaya, L. (2019). Cryptocurrencies as a financial asset: A systematic analysis.
International Review of Financial Analysis,
62, 182-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2018.09.003
Mahdavieh, R. (2019). Governments' Adoption of Native Cryptocurrency: A Case Study of Iran, Russia, and Venezuela. Retrieved from https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1532&context=honorstheses
Masoomzadeh, S., & Salmani, B. (2022). The Blockchain Revolution and the Volatility of Stock market in Iran During the COVID-19 Crisis. Retrieved from https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1935978/latest.pdf
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