Speech week 5 discussion

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This is a graded discussion: 25 points possible due Dec 2 at 1:59am

Week 5 Discussion: Grabbing and Maintaining Attention 24 24

Required Resources Read/review the following resources for this activity:

Initial Post Instructions For the initial post, address the following:

Follow-Up Post Instructions Respond to at least two peers or one peer and the instructor. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification.

Writing Requirements

Grading This activity will be graded using the Discussion Grading Rubric. Please review the following link:

Course Outcomes (CO): 5, 6

Due Date for Initial Post: By 11:59 p.m. MT on Wednesday Due Date for Follow-Up Posts: By 11:59 p.m. MT on Sunday

Textbook: Chapter 3, 6, 7 Lesson 1, 2 Minimum of 1 video Minimum of 1 scholarly source

Why is knowing your audience an important part of capturing and maintaining their attention? What cultural considerations do you need to take into account for your particular audience/topic? How are you going to keep the audience's attention throughout the speech? Find at least one example on YouTube, TEDx, or other video repositories of good attention-getting examples. Post the URL and explain how the video is a good model for capturing the audience's attention. The video can be on any topic but must be appropriate for sharing. Make sure to include a scholarly source to support your points.

Minimum of 3 posts (1 initial & 2 follow-up) APA format for in-text citations and list of references

Link (webpage): Discussion Guidelines

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(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/64990)Gordon McLean (Instructor) Oct 11, 2019

Welcome to Week 5!

Click on the arrows to read through the following scenario:

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Outcomes

2 Determine which listening strategies are appropriate for specificcommunication situations.

you learn about effective conversations through your interactions with teams and groups in the workplace, family, neighborhood, and in academic courses. This week's activities focus on adapting your speech verbally and developing and creating effective visual aids to support and enhance your presentation. Supporting your communication goals – achieving a meeting of the minds – continues to be the motive for all that we discuss.

Schedule

*Some lessons/activities may contain additional resources. See individual lessons/activities for those requirements.

Read/Review/Com plete*

Course Outcomes

Due

Textbook: Chapter 3, 6, 7

CO(s): 5, 6 Wednes day

Lesson 1, 2 CO(s): 3, 5, 6 Wednes day

Discussion: Initial Post

CO(s): 5, 6 Wednes day

Discussion: Follow- Up Posts

CO(s): as noted

Sunday

Assignment CO(s): 3 Sunday

Course Project CO(s): 2, 3, 4, 5

Sunday

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3 Deliver a presentation with a specific communication intent.

4 Determine the meaning of nonverbal communication.

5 Identify the issues of language in verbal communication.

6 Explain how culture shapes and affects communication.

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/64990)Gordon McLean (Instructor) Yesterday

Welcome to Week 5!

Click on the arrows to read through the following scenario:

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Learning to hold effective conversations includes learning to manage many variables. Holding conversations in a virtual context presents unique challenges, as well. It is important to understand that there are guidelines for effective conversations, and we must apply those guidelines in the context of our interpersonal exchanges in order to maximize the effectiveness of what we are saying. As we continue our journey, you will have the opportunity to apply what you learn about effective conversations through your interactions with teams and groups in the workplace, family, neighborhood, and in academic courses. This week's activities focus on adapting your speech verbally and developing and creating effective visual aids to support and enhance your presentation. Supporting your communication goals – achieving a meeting of the minds – continues to be the motive for all that we discuss.

Access Denied You don't have access to view this resource.

Schedule

Read/Review/Com plete*

Course Outcomes

Due

Textbook: Chapter CO(s): 5, 6 Wednes

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Outcomes

2 Determine which listening strategies are appropriate for specificcommunication situations. 3 Deliver a presentation with a specific communication intent.

4 Determine the meaning of nonverbal communication.

5 Identify the issues of language in verbal communication.

6 Explain how culture shapes and affects communication.

*Some lessons/activities may contain additional resources. See individual lessons/activities for those requirements.

3, 6, 7 day

Lesson 1, 2 CO(s): 3, 5, 6 Wednes day

Discussion: Initial Post

CO(s): 5, 6 Wednes day

Discussion: Follow- Up Posts

CO(s): as noted

Sunday

Assignment CO(s): 3 Sunday

Course Project CO(s): 2, 3, 4, 5

Sunday

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(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/64990)Gordon McLean (Instructor) Yesterday

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Interested in earning ALL the discussion points?

Review the rubric!

Remember to include TWO sources (Book + One of your choice!)

Initial Post Content

7.0 pts

Addresses all aspects of the initial discussion question(s), applying experiences, knowledge, and understanding regarding all weekly concepts.

Points/ 7.0 pts

Initial Post Evidence & Sources

4.0 pts

Integrates evidence to support discussion from assigned readings OR online lessons, AND at least one outside scholarly source. Sources are credited.

Please remember to use and cite your scholarly sources to earn the points!

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/64990)Gordon McLean (Instructor) Yesterday

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The art of misdirection | Apollo Robbins

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/64990)Gordon McLean (Instructor) Yesterday

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How the power of attention changes everything: Jeff Klein …

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(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/134727)Marisha Willis (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/134727) Yesterday

This video is a good model for learning how to capture the audience’s attention because it gives four great techniques. All of these can be used in any type of presentation. The first technique is by poking at the audience’s curiosity. The first speaker began his speech with a story that built up suspense in the beginning and made you believe he was going to tell you about a very big regret in his life. However, he proceeds with a joke about how going to law school is his biggest regret. The next technique is to ask intriguing questions, which forces the audience to think. The third technique is to trigger the audience’s imagination. This technique often begins with “close your eyes and imagine.” When you do this, you force the audience to focus on an image in their head, while simultaneously focusing on what you are saying. Instead of being

Knowing your audience plays a major role in capturing and maintaining their attention. When you know your audience, you know several details about them such as gender, age, expectations, and prior knowledge (Mclean, 2018). By knowing these details, you can use the correct language, word choice, and education level to send your message. Once you have this information, it is easy to be able to appeal to your audience. When catching their attention, you want to make sure you use the right technique and information to ensure your audience understands. When speaking about my topic, keeping other's cultures in mind is very important. In my speech, I will be addressing nonverbal communication, and culture heavily influences gestures and body movements. When talking about certain hand gestures and facial expressions, I should keep in mind that all cultures do not use these in the same context. Also, when speaking, certain slang and jargon should not be used because depending on age and location, certain words can have different meanings (Mclean, 2018). I will keep my audience’s attention by using descriptive examples that pertain to the topic while appealing to my audience. My topic is something that pertains to my personal life, so, I will be using personal examples and dialogue. Instead of just speaking about one culture, I will speak about many cultures to keep the speech diverse and interesting. I will also use visuals such as pictures and animations to help with visual-aid. I could also relate my topic to something that happened recently in the media (Hamilton, n.d.).

4 Killer Ways to Start Your Presentation or Speech | How to Start a Speech | Public Speaking (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ReOpctG3J0A)

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ReOpctG3J0A)

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distracted by something else. The fourth technique is to begin by telling a personal story. This makes the audience feel close to you and opens up their minds to your feelings and emotions.

Hamilton College. (n.d.). How to Engage Your Audience and Keep Them with You. Retrieved from https://www.hamilton.edu/academics/centers/oralcommunication/guides/how-to-engage-your- audience-and-keep-them-with-you (https://www.hamilton.edu/academics/centers/oralcommunication/guides/how-to-engage-your-audience-and-keep- them-with-you) .

McLean, S. (2018). Exploring Interpersonal Communication. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781453390429/ (https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781453390429/)

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/64990)Gordon McLean (Instructor) 6:47am

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Thanks for taking the first turn Marisha!

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/108327)Ashley Martinez (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/108327) 8:56am

Hi Marisha,

Knowing your audience is an important part of not only maintaining their audience’s attention but capturing it. I also agree that knowing the gender, age, and culture of that particular group is very important. It allows you to focus your presentation around their particular interests. I listened to a video that mentioned, if you do not capture the audience’s attention within the first ten second many will zone out. That is crazy but also very true. When I am listening to a presentation if the speaker has great body language, humor, and material that interests me I am drawn to listen. On the other hand, if the speaker has a very boring tone, awful nonverbal communication, and the material does not interest me, I will zone out and pretend to listen. I found an article that discussed various ways to ensure that you have a great presentation and capture the audience’s attention that I wanted to share. The first thing that they discussed was the importance on language. They recommend avoiding terms that contain slang, because those from other culture will not understand the term. The next thing that they discussed was body language. Some culture like hand gestures and others do not. What one gesture means in one culture may not be the same in another. They recommend avoiding a lot of hand gestures when

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presenting. The next point that they discussed was time, they discussed that some cultures like things to be structured and on a set time. While other cultures are not as concerned about the time. They recommend, “showing the appropriate stiffness or flexibility depending on the culture” (Vulture, 2016).

Reference:

Vulture, C. (2016, April 19). Tips on Giving Cross Cultural Presentations. Retrieved from: https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/cross-cultural-presentations (https://www.commisceo- global.com/blog/cross-cultural-presentations)

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/126299)Benita Clottey (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/126299) 2:04pm

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Hi Ashley,

Great Positing! I do agree with you that when I'm listening to a presentation, if the speaker has great body language, humor, and material that interests me I am drawn to listen to it too. On the other hand, if the speaker has a very boring tone, awful nonverbal communication, and the material does not interest me, I will zone out and pretend to listen. That's why its important to know your audience and what interest them so that you can capture and maintain their attention throughout the presentation.

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/93901)Leila Lafortune (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/93901) Yesterday

Why is knowing your audience an important part of capturing and maintaining their attention?

To catch your audience’s attention you have to adapt a speech, their interests, level of understanding, attitudes, and beliefs. You also must take into consideration the different age of your audience and where they currently are in their life. For example, you wouldn’t talk to children about how its important to invest the economy because mentally they are not there yet. Just like for adults when giving a presentation the same slang you used with a group of teenagers previous may not be the best route to take when speaking to adults. Also, some people get bored easily so having a visual or small group activities could be another way to keep you audience’s attention.

What cultural considerations do you need to take into account for your particular audience/topic?

According to SHRM some good ways with dealing with different cultures as your audience is to Eliminate figurative language, being straightforward and brief, as well as asking questions to make sure that your group

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is still following what your saying. We also must take into consideration of our body language, tone of voice and nonverbal ways of communication because what may seem normal to us as Americans can be offensive to a different culture.

How are you going to keep the audience's attention throughout the speech?

I am going to keep my audience attention by keeping my presentation at a respectable length. Most people tend to lose focus when someone is lecturing for hours and hours, it becomes boring. Another way is by making a few jokes, personally this is how I connect with my audience. I want them to feel like I am just like them and someone they can relate to. Lastly, I would be knowledgeable about my topic. Its bad when your presenting in front of a class and giving them incorrect information and having to be stop and correct, that is one of my biggest fears.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=baDJ-ZIvYy0 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=baDJ-ZIvYy0)

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=baDJ-ZIvYy0)

I choose this video because I can watch it over and over again. This video I can very much relate to especially when she started talking about her nail salon experience because every women/men have probably had that happen to them at the nail salon before. She does speak Spanish so at times it can be difficult to understand what she is saying, but for me it wasn’t unbearable.

University of Pittsburgh Communications Services Webteam. (n.d.). Audience Analysis. Retrieved from https://www.comm.pitt.edu/oral-comm-lab/audience-analysis (https://www.comm.pitt.edu/oral-comm- lab/audience-analysis)

Shrm. (2019, August 16). Communicating with Diverse Audiences. Retrieved from https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/behavioral- competencies/communication/pages/communicating-with-diverse-audiences.aspx.

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/126299)Benita Clottey (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/126299) 3:27pm

Hi Leila,

I watched your video and it was hilarious. I can relate to it regarding the nail salon and I laughed till the end. She spoke with authenticity, she connected with her audience, and had audacity to deliver the story. Just as you wrote from the beginning of you discussion, to catch your audience’s attention you have to adapt a speech, their interests, level of understanding, attitudes, and beliefs. You also must take into

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consideration the different age of your audience and where they currently are in their life. Great comical video!

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/128282)Mariel Ortiz (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/128282) Yesterday

Hello everyone,

By knowing your audience you can keep their attention by having topics that relate to them. Not knowing your audience can affect how you can retain their attention. You must capture the attention by being both verbally and non verbally interesting. You can use a prop, humor, or connect to your audience with something you experience and go on from there. "For example, health educators may adopt a humorous strategy to communicate about sun safety, or an informative strategy to communicate about diabetes management" (Gregory, 2006, pg 1). Using humor, I think is the best way to keep your audience entertained and keep their attention.

Depending where you are or who your audience you have to try to make sure that your speech is appropriate both verbally and non verbally. If you are no careful your audience might be offended or won't listen to you any further. "Since the vocabulary of a language reflects the culture and environment of its speakers and represents, its values and traditions, the incorporation of new words, new phrases, or even an entire language can threaten a culture"(McLean, 2018, pg 2018). I would avoid using certain hand gestures as well. Every country is different when it comes to gestures because it can be taken the wrong way. I would use humor, since that always grabs the audience's attention the most. Non verbally, I would walk use my arms to make appropriate gestures that can aid the speech. Speaking clearly and slowly will help people digest the information in a better way.

The video that I chose was a perfect because it showed a video of a man speaking on stage, then the narrator would pause, then talk about the different stages the man was going through and what he was doing right that makes him capture the attention of the audience. The topic of the video was not only how to capture an audience, it is also about the power of words. Only a couple minutes in the video, the narrator stops about three times. He mentions how the speaker was using a prop, in this case he was trying to light a cigarette and acting like there was nothing wrong. Using a prop is a way to get the audience curious about what you have to say about the item or how it connects to your speech. Also, by interacting with the audience throughout the speech, they will stay tuned to what you will say next.

6 Public Speaking Tips To Hook Any Audience (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8GvTgWtR7o)

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8GvTgWtR7o)

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Charisma on Command. (2015). 6 Public Speaking Tips To Hook Any Audience. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8GvTgWtR7o

Gregory, J. (2006). Using Message Strategy to Capture Audience Attention: Readers’ Reactions to Health Education

Publications. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 15(1–2), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1300/j054v15n01_01 (https://doi.org/10.1300/j054v15n01_01)

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/108327)Ashley Martinez (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/108327) Yesterday

Hello Professor & Class,

Why is knowing your audience an important part of capturing and maintaining their attention?

Communication is a major part of our daily lives. Understanding the audience you are talking too can impact the effectiveness of the overall message. Knowing your audience is extremely important in capturing your audience’s attention. There are various different cultures with different beliefs and values. Not only cultural differences, but differences among genders as well. What captures one group of people’s attention, may not do the same for another group. Knowing the audience allows one present information in a way that that particular group would understand. It allows the person to discuss matters that would interest that particular audience. In my current nursing course, we are learning that different cultures have different beliefs and that as nurses we must be able to accommodate to their individual needs. This also includes the way that we convey messages to different groups of people. Language, according to the textbook is, “a system of symbols, words, and/or hand gesture used to communicate meaning” (McLean, 2018, p. 110). Symbols, words, and hand gestures may mean different things in different culture and we must be able to accommodate and change the way a message is presented to maintain the attention. Ensuring that we use to correct language, information, and approach to convey our message are all factors that will help to capture and maintain the attention.

What cultural considerations do you need to take into account for your particular audience/topic?

For my topic, I will be discussing nonverbal communication and its importance in the nursing profession. I will present my information in a way that captures my audience’s attention, but allows for a clear understanding of the information. I will ensure that I use the proper language, tone of voice, and present in an engaging manner. Different cultures have different beliefs. I will ensure that I do not use slang, idioms, or phrases that other cultures would not understand. I will avoid the use of hand gestures as much as possible. While a thumbs up may be a good thing in the United States, it may mean something different in another culture. Various cultures like things to follow a schedule and remain on time, while other cultures are more casual. I will ensure that I do not make my presentation too long to keep the audience’s attention.

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I found an article that has various tips on giving cross cultural presentations. It discusses the importance of intercultural awareness. It minimizes the risk of misunderstandings or offense. The article discusses various factors to take into consideration when presenting information those include: language, body language, time, emotions, presentation style, use of technology, content, and audience participation (Vulture, 2016).

How are you going to keep the audience's attention throughout the speech?

I plan to keep my audience’s attention by displaying visuals that relate to the content in my presentation. I will try my best to present the information in an engaging manner and use a very friendly and professional tone of voice.

Find at least one example on YouTube, TEDx, or other video repositories of good attention-getting examples. Post the URL and explain how the video is a good model for capturing the audience's

attention. The video can be on any topic but must be appropriate for sharing.

The video that I chose was very informative and interesting. It showed various ways to capture the audience’s attention and then followed it up with videos of speeches to demonstrate that point. I believe that it can help me to make my presentation interesting and ensure that I capture their attention as well. The tips that it listed were to use interesting facts and statistics, using stories, using questions, use quotations, use silence, and using humor.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYqsSD2Nvl4

References:

Song, R. (2016, July 6). 6 Excellent Ways to Start a Speech. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYqsSD2Nvl4

Vulture, C. (2016, April 19). Tips on Giving Cross Cultural Presentations. Retrieved from: https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/cross-cultural-presentations

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/108327)Ashley Martinez (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/108327) Yesterday

Link (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYqsSD2Nvl4)

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYqsSD2Nvl4)

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(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/126271)Kit Louis Molas (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/126271) Yesterday

Understanding how people communicate with each other in different cultures, plays a major role in how well people keep their attention on the speaker. Not every culture shares a common belief, practice, gender roles, and ideas. So, it is important that a speaker knows how to speak toward his or her audience beforehand. Much of a speeches message is determined by the audience, whether it is positive or negative. Perceptions of physical appearance, age, gender, ethnicity, speech, and presentation mannerisms play a major role in how audiences will view one’s speech (McLean, 2018, pg.114). If a presenter accidently offends an audience in attempt to grab their attention, it could cause the audience to have a lack of interest or understanding to the speaker’s message.

I am in the nursing field, and most of the time we deal with many people of different ethnicities, race, and religion. To be a proper nurse one must be aware of his or her own cultural identification. If nurses are aware of their own culture, they will able to “control their personal biases that interfere with the therapeutic relationship” (Ferwerda, 2016). All in all, nurses must not be ethnocentric and look down on other client cultures. These considerations will make the client more inclined to be compliant with whatever the doctor or nurse advised the client to do.

Whenever I make a speech to the public or even to a patient, I plan to ask questions to my audience. It will make them more engaged and inclined to listen to my presentation. Another way would be, telling stories to any audience will make them understand the topic and hopefully create a “common ground” with them (McLean, 2018, pg.115).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmEiZadVNWY (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmEiZadVNWY)

Why is knowing your audience an important part of capturing and maintaining their attention?

What cultural considerations do you need to consider for your particular audience/topic?

How are you going to keep the audience's attention throughout the speech?

Find at least one example on YouTube, TEDx, or other video repositories of good attention-getting examples. Post the URL and explain how the video is a good model for capturing the audience's attention. The video can be on any topic but must be appropriate for sharing.

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(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmEiZadVNWY)

This video is a TEDx Talk, about “How To Present To Keep Your Audience’s Attention.” This video explains the importance of interacting and entertaining the audience through the use of storytelling and questions. The presenter, Mark Robinson, showed how people that are questioned or interested by a story, are generally more inclined to pay attention to the presenter. He also proved this point by actually using those tactics in the video.

References:

Ferwerda, J. (2016, Sept 15). How To Care For Patients From Different Cultures. Retrieved from:

https://nurse.org/articles/how-to-deal-with-patients-with-different-cultures/ (https://nurse.org/articles/how-

to-deal-with-patients-with-different-cultures/)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmEiZadVNWY (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmEiZadVNWY)

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmEiZadVNWY)

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/119452)Kayla Loyd (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/119452) 7:03pm

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Kit,

I enjoyed your post this week. I liked that you included that as a nurse we must know our own culture in order to remove bias from our dealings with patients. It may be difficult for some to remove bias, but it is always the moral and ethical thing to do in the nursing profession. I like your video as well. It showed that interacting with your audience is a great concept to keep them engaged in you presentation. Again good job, I really enjoyed it!

Kayla

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(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/64990)Gordon McLean (Instructor) 6:44am

3.1 Self-Understanding Is Fundamental to Communication

Learning Objectives

In the first of the Note 3.1 "Introductory Exercises" (https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_business- communication-for-success/mclean-ch03_s00#mclean-ch03_n01) for this chapter, you listed terms to describe yourself. This exercise focuses on your knowledge, skills, experience, interests, and relationships. Your sense of self comes through in your oral and written presentations. Public communication starts with intrapersonal communication, or communication with yourself. You need to know what you want to say before you can say it to an audience.

Understanding your perspective can lend insight to your awareness, the ability to be conscious of events and stimuli. Awareness determines what you pay attention to, how you carry out your intentions, and what you remember of your activities and experiences each day. Awareness is a complicated and fascinating area of study. The way we take in information, give it order, and assign it meaning has long interested researchers from disciplines including sociology, anthropology, and psychology.

Your perspective is a major factor in this dynamic process. Whether you are aware of it or not, you bring to the act of reading this sentence a frame of mind formed from experiences and education across your lifetime. Imagine that you see a presentation about snorkeling in beautiful Hawaii as part of a travel campaign. If you have never been snorkeling but love to swim, how will your perspective lead you to pay attention to the presentation? If, however, you had a traumatic experience as a child in a pool and are now afraid of being under water, how will your perspective influence your reaction?

Learning to recognize how your perspective influences your thoughts is a key step in understanding yourself and preparing to communicate with others.

The communication process itself is the foundation for oral and written communication. Whether we express ourselves in terms of a live, face-to-face conversation or across a voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) chat via audio and visual channels, emoticons (:)), and abbreviations (IMHO [In My Humble Opinion]), the communication process remains the same. Imagine that you are at work and your Skype program makes the familiar noise indicating that someone wants to talk. Your caller ID tells you that it is a friend. You also know that you have the report right in front of you to get done before 5:00 p.m. Your friend is quite a talker, and for him everything tends to have a “gotta talk about it right now” sense of urgency. You know a little bit about your potential audience or conversational partner. Do you take the call? Perhaps you chat back “Busy, after 5,” only to have him call again. You interpret the ring as his insistent need for attention, but you have priorities. You can choose to close the Skype program, stop the ringing, and get on

1. Describe the factors that contribute to self-concept. 2. Describe how the self-fulfilling prophecy works.

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with your report, but do you? Communication occurs on many levels in several ways.

Self-Concept

When we communicate, we are full of expectations, doubts, fears, and hopes. Where we place emphasis, what we focus on, and how we view our potential has a direct impact on our communication interactions. You gather a sense of self as you grow, age, and experience others and the world. At various times in your life, you have probably been praised for some of your abilities and talents, and criticized for doing some things poorly. These compliments and criticisms probably had a deep impact on you. Much of what we know about ourselves we’ve learned through interaction with others. Not everyone has had positive influences in their lives, and not every critic knows what they are talking about, but criticism and praise still influence how and what we expect from ourselves.

Carol Dweck, a psychology researcher at Stanford University, states that “something that seems like a small intervention can have cascading effects on things we think of as stable or fixed, including extroversion, openness to new experience, and resilience.”Begley, S. (2008, December 1). When DNA is not destiny. Newsweek, p. 14. Your personality and expressions of it, like oral and written communication, were long thought to have a genetic component. But, says Dweck, “More and more research is suggesting that, far from being simply encoded in the genes, much of personality is a flexible and dynamic thing that changes over the life span and is shaped by experience.”Begley, S. (2008, December 1). When DNA is not destiny. Newsweek, p. 14. If you were told by someone that you were not a good speaker, know this: You can change. You can shape your performance through experience, and a business communication course, a mentor at work, or even reading effective business communication authors can result in positive change.

Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values

When you consider what makes you you, the answers multiply as do the questions. As a baby, you learned to recognize that the face in the mirror was your face. But as an adult, you begin to wonder what and who you are. While we could discuss the concept of self endlessly and philosophers have wrestled and will continue to wrestle with it, for our purposes, let’s focus on self, which is defined as one’s own sense of individuality, motivations, and personal characteristics.McLean, S. (2003). The basics of speech communication. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. We also must keep in mind that this concept is not fixed or absolute; instead it changes as we grow and change across our lifetimes.

One point of discussion useful for our study about ourselves as communicators is to examine our attitudes, beliefs, and values. These are all interrelated, and researchers have varying theories as to which comes first and which springs from another. We learn our values, beliefs, and attitudes through interaction with others. Table 3.1 "Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values" (https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_business- communication-for-success/s07-01-self-understanding-is-fundamen.html#mclean-

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ch03_s01_s01_s01_t01) defines these terms and provides an example of each.

Table 3.1 Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values

Definition Change able? Example

Att itu de s

Learned predispositions to a concept or object

Subject to change

I enjoyed the writing exercise in class today.

Be lief s

Convictions or expressions of confidence

Can change over time

This course is important because I may use the communication skills I am learning in my career.

Va lu es

Ideals that guide our behavior

Generall y long lasting

Effective communication is important.

An attitude is your immediate disposition toward a concept or an object. Attitudes can change easily and frequently. You may prefer vanilla while someone else prefers peppermint, but if someone tries to persuade you of how delicious peppermint is, you may be willing to try it and find that you like it better than vanilla.

Beliefs are ideas based on our previous experiences and convictions and may not necessarily be based on logic or fact. You no doubt have beliefs on political, economic, and religious issues. These beliefs may not have been formed through rigorous study, but you nevertheless hold them as important aspects of self. Beliefs often serve as a frame of reference through which we interpret our world. Although they can be changed, it often takes time or strong evidence to persuade someone to change a belief.

Values are core concepts and ideas of what we consider good or bad, right or wrong, or what is worth the sacrifice. Our values are central to our self-image, what makes us who we are. Like beliefs, our values may not be based on empirical research or rational thinking, but they are even more resistant to change than are beliefs. To undergo a change in values, a person may need to undergo a transformative life experience.

For example, suppose you highly value the freedom to make personal decisions, including the freedom to choose whether or not to wear a helmet while driving a motorcycle. This value of individual choice is central to your way of thinking and you are unlikely to change this value. However, if your brother was driving a motorcycle without a helmet and suffered an accident that fractured his skull and left him with permanent brain damage, you might reconsider this value. While you might still value freedom of choice in many areas of life, you might become an advocate for helmet laws—and perhaps also for other forms of highway safety, such as stiffer penalties for cell-phone talking and texting while driving.

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Self-Image and Self-Esteem

Your self-concept is composed of two main elements: self-image and self-esteem.

Your self-image is how you see yourself, how you would describe yourself to others. It includes your physical characteristics—your eye color, hair length, height, and so forth. It also includes your knowledge, experience, interests, and relationships. If these sound familiar, go back and look at the first of the Note 3.1 "Introductory Exercises"

(https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_business-communication-for-success/mclean- ch03_s00#mclean-ch03_n01) for this chapter. In creating the personal inventory in this exercise, you identified many characteristics that contribute to your self-image. In addition, image involves not just how you look but also your expectations of yourself— what you can be.

What is your image of yourself as a communicator? How do you feel about your ability to communicate? While the two responses may be similar, they indicate different things. Your self-esteem is how you feel about yourself; your feelings of self-worth, self-acceptance, and self-respect. Healthy self-esteem can be particularly important when you experience a setback or a failure. Instead of blaming yourself or thinking, “I’m just no good,” high self-esteem will enable you to persevere and give yourself positive messages like “If I prepare well and try harder, I can do better next time.”

Putting your self-image and self-esteem together yields your self-concept: your central identity and set of beliefs about who you are and what you are capable of accomplishing. When it comes to communicating, your self-concept can play an important part. You may find that communicating is a struggle, or the thought of communicating may make you feel talented and successful. Either way, if you view yourself as someone capable of learning new skills and improving as you go, you will have an easier time learning to be an effective communicator. Whether positive or negative, your self-concept influences your performance and the expression of that essential ability: communication.

Looking-Glass Self

In addition to how we view ourselves and feel about ourselves, of course, we often take into consideration the opinions and behavior of others. Charles Cooley’sCooley, C. (1922). Human nature and the social order (Rev. ed.). New York, NY: Scribners. looking-glass self reinforces how we look to others and how they view us, treat us, and interact with us to gain insight of our identity. We place an extra emphasis on parents, supervisors, and on those who have some degree of control over us when we look at others. Developing a sense of self as a communicator involves balance between constructive feedback from others and constructive self-affirmation. You judge yourself, as others do, and both views count.

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Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Now, suppose that you are treated in an especially encouraging manner in one of your classes. Imagine that you have an instructor who continually “catches you doing something right” and praises you for your efforts and achievements. Would you be likely to do well in this class and perhaps go on to take more advanced courses in this subject?

In a psychology experiment that has become famous through repeated trials, several public school teachers were told that specific students in their classes were expected to do quite well because of their intelligence.Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1968). Pygmalion in the classroom. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston. These students were identified as having special potential that had not yet “bloomed.” What the teachers didn’t know was that these “special potential” students were randomly selected. That’s right: as a group, they had no more special potential than any other students.

Can you anticipate the outcome? As you may guess, the students lived up to their teachers’ level of expectation. Even though the teachers were supposed to give appropriate attention and encouragement to all students, in fact they unconsciously communicated special encouragement verbally and nonverbally to the special potential students. And these students, who were actually no more gifted than their peers, showed significant improvement by the end of the school year. This phenomenon came to be called the “Pygmalion effect” after the myth of a Greek sculptor named Pygmalion, who carved a marble statue of a woman so lifelike that he fell in love with her—and in response to his love she did in fact come to life and marry him.Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1968). Pygmalion in the classroom. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.,Insel, P., & Jacobson, L. (1975). What do you expect? An inquiry into self- fulfilling prophecies. Menlo Park, CA: Cummings.

In more recent studies, researchers have observed that the opposite effect can also happen: when students are seen as lacking potential, teachers tend to discourage them or, at a minimum, fail to give them adequate encouragement. As a result, the students do poorly.Schugurensky, D. (Ed.). (2009). Selected moments of the 20th century. In History of education: A work in progress. Department of Adult Education, Community Development and Counselling Psychology, The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto (OISE/UT). Retrieved from

http://fcis.oise.utoronto.ca/~daniel_sc/assignment1/1968rosenjacob.html (http://fcis.oise.utoronto.ca/~daniel_sc/assignment1/1968rosenjacob.html)

. Pygmalion in the Classroom was followed by many other school-based studies that examined these mechanisms in detail from different perspectives. Prominent among the works on this subject conducted by U.S. scholars are Rist, R. C. (1970, August). Student social class and teacher expectations: The self-fulfilling prophecy in ghetto education. Harvard Educational Review, 40(3), 411–451; Anyon, J. (1980, Fall). Social class and the hidden curriculum of work. Journal of Education, 162(1), 67–92; Oakes, J. (1985). Keeping track: How schools structure inequality. Birmingham, NY: Vail-Ballou Press; and Sadker, M., & Sadker, D. (1994). Failing at fairness: How America’s schools cheat girls. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company.

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When people encourage you, it affects the way you see yourself and your potential. Seek encouragement for your writing and speaking. Actively choose positive reinforcement as you develop your communication skills. You will make mistakes, but the important thing is to learn from them. Keep in mind that criticism should be constructive, with specific points you can address, correct, and improve.

The concept of a self-fulfilling prophecy, in which someone’s behavior comes to match and mirror others’ expectations, is not new. Robert Rosenthal,Rosnow, R., & Rosenthal, R. (1999). Beginning behavioral research: A conceptual primer (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. a professor of social psychology at Harvard, has observed four principles while studying this interaction between expectations and performance:

Key Takeaway

You can become a more effective communicator by understanding yourself and how others view you: your attitudes, beliefs, and values; your self-concept; and how the self-fulfilling prophecy may influence your decisions.

1. We form certain expectations of people or events. 2. We communicate those expectations with various cues, verbal and nonverbal. 3. People tend to respond to these cues by adjusting their behavior to match the

expectations. 4. The outcome is that the original expectation becomes true.

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/64990)Gordon McLean (Instructor) 6:45am

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SOCRATIC CRITICAL THINKING QUESTION What grabs your attention and why?

How can you apply this awareness or insight into your own presentation?

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/119452)Kayla Loyd (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/119452) 8:00pm

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Professor,

If I am interested in the topic, automatically it will grab my attention. If I am not interested in the topic things like, the way the presenter speaks, their tone, their enthusiasm makes me want to hear more. I always like when people interact or hold something until the end. For my presentation I think incorporating things like interactions, using catch phrases, and speaking with confidence and knowledge will all do me justice.

Thank you,

Kayla

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/64990)Gordon McLean (Instructor) 6:46am

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PowerPoint: Inserting Audio

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/110773)Ronley Brown (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/110773) 1:52pm

Hello Professor & Class,

Week 5 Discussion: Grabbing and Maintaining Attention

One of the fundamental characteristics of effective public speaking involves the uneven distribution of

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speaking time between the speaker and the audience. Knowing the audience including the general age, language, education level, and cultural attributes is an essential part of capturing and maintaining their attention as it enables the speaker to build a common ground between the speaker and the audience (German, 2017). By understanding the audience, the listeners can comprehend the speaker’s message and respond favourably as it results in the equal distribution of speaking time between the speaker and the audience.

In the contemporary business environment, the workplace is rapidly evolving with diverse cultures and, therefore, there is a need to understand how to communicate effectively with individuals from diverse cultural settings. According to Bonvillain (2019), the cultural considerations that need to be considered include the differences in social beliefs, ethics, human values, language, and other concrete elements such as type of clothing and the type of political organization. There is the need to take into account these differences, variety, and abundance of cultures within the audience to capture and retain the audience’s attention (Nijkamp and Poot, 2015) and (Scott, 2018). To sustain the audience’s attention throughout the speech, it will be essential to eliminate figurative language, employ non-verbal cues in communication, and keep the presentation brief and straight forward.

The video titled ‘How I Overcame My Fear of Public Speaking’ by Danish Dhamani is an important video that highlights the significance of effective communication skills. In this talk on TEDx, Dhamani appeals to the emotions of the audience by succinctly illustrating how to overcome the fear of public speaking and emerge as effective communicators. The video emphasizes on the need for constant coaching and practicing as a means of augmenting an individual’s speaking ability (TEDx Talks, 2017).

References

Bonvillain, N. (2019). Language, culture, and communication: The meaning of messages. Rowman & Littlefield.

German, K. (2017). Principles of public speaking. Routledge.

McLean Scott, (2018). Exploring Interpersonal Communication (2nd ed.) Boston, MA: Flatworld

Nijkamp, P., & Poot, J. (2015). Cultural diversity: a matter of measurement. The economics of cultural diversity, 17-51.

TEDx Talks. (2017, December 15). How I Overcame My Fear of Public Speaking [Video file]. Retrieved from How I Overcame My Fear of Public Speaking | Danish Dhamani | TEDxKids@SMU (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80UVjkcxGmA)

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80UVjkcxGmA)

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(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/126299)Benita Clottey (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/126299) 2:37pm

Giving a presentation can be daunting for some people. When preparing for a presentation, it is important to know one’s audience. Gender, generation, culture background, education level etc. are among variables to consider. Presenting to college students audience is different from presenting to senior citizens. Knowing one’s audience would help to know how to construct the presentation, how to deliver the presentation, certain words to use or avoid. For example, if presenting to college students, one may use certain words to relate to that audience while using those same words may not relate to communicating to the clergy for example. Knowing one’s audience is important to a successful presentation.

We live in a multicultural world; people communicate daily via various means with people from different cultures. When communicating with individuals from other cultures, it helps to know about the culture one would be communicating with. the best way to learn about a culture is to interact with the people of that culture. It is important to note that interacting with some people of a culture is not representative of the whole culture but rather gives one an idea of that culture. When speaking to people of other cultures, one must be cognizance of one’s biases and stereotypes.

Presentations are an important business communication tool (Zunac, Grabar, & Bicek, 2019). In addition, the audience is the center of the of the presentation and the primary objective of the presenter is to communicate the message so that the audience understands the message (Zunac et. al, 2019). Capturing an audience attention when giving a presentation is vital. Not only is it important to get your audience attention, but maintaining the audience attention is also important. Communicators can get and maintain their audience attention through active learning, whereby presentations include discussions and activities (Ricketts, 2018).

McLean, S. Exploring Interpersonal Communication. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781453390429/

Ricketts, M. (2018). NO MORE BULLET POINTS: Research-based tips for better presentations. Professional Safety, 63(9), 34-43.

Zunac, A. G., Grabar, I., & Bicek, S. (2019). Quality Of Presentation As A Key Competence In Modern Business. Varazdin: Varazdin Development and Entrepreneurship Agency (VADEA).

4 Tips To IMPROVE Your Public Speaking - How to CAPTIVATE an Audience (https://youtu.be/962eYqe-- Yc)

(https://youtu.be/962eYqe--Yc)

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(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/119452)Kayla Loyd (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/119452) 6:57pm

Professor and Class,

This week we get to examine the importance of maintaining an audience once we captivate them.

Why is knowing your audience an important part of capturing and maintaining their attention? Not all techniques will work with every audience. You must adjust and witch up your delivery depending on your goal and your target audience. Some audience want facts over opinions, others want everything delivered quickly without anticipation. You must learn to deliver an effective presentation no matter the audience.

What cultural considerations do you need to consider for your particular audience/topic? When presenting you always must be sure that you remain sensitive to different cultures and values. it is never a good idea to use humor when referencing someone’s culture. Always remember that just because it does not offend you does not mean it will not offend someone else. When presenting you want to try and stay away from topics such as politics, race, and culture differences.

How are you going to keep the audience's attention throughout the speech? With my speech I will make sure I am direct and use the attention-grabbing phrases detailed in the video below. According to the video if I use these phrases it will continue to grab my audience’s attention without them becoming bored. I will speak confidently, loud, and clear without bias so that it is a fair evaluation of my topics. I must engage my audience in all concepts of my presentation to ensure that everyone gets the most out of the presentation.

Why is this video a good model? The video is a good model because it breaks down top phrases that continue to redirect the conversation. These phrases will grab the audience’s attention every time you use a new one. They also help to structure my presentation. This video gives ideas and tips that will help you get the audience, keep the audience, and impress the audience. The URL is listed below. The phrases that are discussed in the video are as follows:

Thank you,

Kayla

References:

https://youtu.be/tZyIlqyXc14 (https://youtu.be/tZyIlqyXc14)

Here is the best part. This is very interesting. The important point to remember is. There are three reasons. This one thing will change everything.

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(https://youtu.be/tZyIlqyXc14)

9 Tips for High-Impact Presentations Across Cultures. (2019, November 25). Retrieved from https://www.aperianglobal.com/9-tips-for-high-impact-presentations-across-cultures/ (https://www.aperianglobal.com/9-tips-for-high-impact-presentations-across-cultures/)

(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/86860)Johanna Vetter (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/52350/users/86860) 10:39pm

Hi class-

When I first read the initial question, I immediately only thought of capturing an audience like for a play or show-however capturing an audience is something we do all day long with all sorts of different groups, individuals, or maybe even a performance. I thought about my job as a trainer in a gym, and every single minute I’m there I have to capture and maintain the attention of the gym members for the workout to be successful. They’re there for their specific reasons, and my job is to make sure their reasons are met. While giving an actual speech- the same idea stands. I need to be able to capture an audience and keep their attention focused and interested.

A cultural consideration that I personally run into on a regular basis is the way that sarcasm or jokes come off to others. I am naturally a jokester and sort of have no filter. I like to make others laugh and I think that it is my natural way to help make others feel comfortable and included. I know that my sense of sarcasm does not affect everyone the same though, and being able to read an audience, specifically culturally, is something that I need to be able to do. According to McLean, in reference to language across culture, he states that “Some words are loaded with meaning for some people, so that by using such words you can “push their buttons” without even realizing what you’ve done.” (McLean, 2018, pp. 126) These words are so true! Without even a thought, it’s extremely easy to make someone offended.

While giving a speech myself, I think my biggest strength is being real and emotional with others. When I say emotional, I don’t necessarily mean sadness and tears- I think it is about connecting with others on personal

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levels, and making others feel validated. Based off of the outlines I’ve made so far in class, my speech would be over how to “get out of my own head” and learning to lean on myself and others rather than spiraling out of control. I think there are plenty of people on a regular basis that struggling with getting through the next semester, financial issues, relationship issues, etc. Finding something relatable is helpful in maintaining an audience.

I'm posting a video of Maysoon Zayid. She is a Palestinian American comedian who has cerebral palsy. She states that she is at a huge disadvantage being ethnically limited and physically and mentally disabled. I stumbled upon her video a while back and laughed, cried, wondered and felt empowered all at the same time because of her. She is incredibly inspiring and funny at the same time. She struggles with a major disorder daily with many different issues and makes the best of her days- and encourages others to do the same. She kept me on edge with her honesty and realistic way of talking.

Link (https://www.ted.com/talks/maysoon_zayid_i_got_99_problems_palsy_is_just_one?language=en#t-3174)

Maysoon Zayid. (December 2013) I got 99 problems...palsy is just one. TED.

https://www.ted.com/talks/maysoon_zayid_i_got_99_problems_palsy_is_just_one?language=en#t- 3174 (https://www.ted.com/talks/maysoon_zayid_i_got_99_problems_palsy_is_just_one?language=en#t-3174)

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