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Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach Seventh Edition Gail E. Tompkins

Chapter 2

The Reading and Writing Processes

Developed by:

Helen Hoffner, Ed.D.

Holy Family University

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

Reading Involves
Many Components

Phonemic Awareness and Phonics

Word Identification and Vocabulary

Fluency

Comprehension

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

5 Stages of the Reading Process

Stage 1: Prereading

Activate background knowledge

Think about the genre

Set purposes

Introduce key academic vocabulary words

Make predictions and preview the text

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

5 Stages of the Reading Process

Stage 2: Reading

Read independently or with a partner

Read with classmates using shared or guided reading or listen to teacher read aloud

Read the entire text or specific sections and apply reading strategies and skills

Examine illustrations, charts, diagrams

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

5 Stages of the Reading Process

Stage 3: Responding

Write in reading logs

Participate in grand conversations or other discussions

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

5 Stages of the Reading Process

Stage 4: Exploring

Reread text & learn new vocabulary words

Participate in minilessons

Examine genre, other text features, or the writer’s craft

Learn about the author and collect memorable quotes

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

5 Stages of the Reading Process

Stage 5: Applying

Construct projects

Read related books

Use information in thematic units

Reflect on the reading experience

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

5 Stages of the Writing Process

Stage 1: Prewriting

Choose a topic

Consider the purpose & identify the genre

Engage in rehearsal activities to gather ideas

Use a graphic organizer to organize ideas

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

5 Stages of the Writing Process

Stage 2: Drafting

Write a rough draft

Use wide spacing to leave room for revising & editing

Emphasize ideas rather than mechanical correctness

Mark the writing as a “rough draft”

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

5 Stages of the Writing Process

Stage 3: Revising

Reread the rough draft

Participate in revising groups & work at revising centers

Make substantive changes that reflect classmates’ feedback

Conference with the teacher

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

5 Stages of the Writing Process

Stage 4: Editing

Proofread the revised rough draft with a partner

Work at one or more editing centers

Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and grammar errors

Conference with the teacher

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

5 Stages of the Writing Process

Stage 5: Publishing

Format the composition

Make the final copy

Share the writing with an appropriate audience

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

Writer’s Traits
6 Traits + 1

Ideas Organization

Voice Word Choice

Sentence Fluency Conventions

Presentation

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

Writer’s Traits:
Ideas

Ideas are the heart of a composition. This trait includes the components of:

Choosing a topic

Focusing the topic

Identifying the genre

Developing the topic

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

Writer’s Traits:
Organization

The organization is the skeleton of the composition. Organization includes the components of:

Crafting the lead

Structuring the composition

Providing transitions between ideas

Ending with a satisfying conclusion

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

Writer’s Traits:
Voice

The writer’s distinctive style is known as voice. Voice includes the components of:

Choosing personally meaningful topics

Writing with knowledge and passion

Adopting a tone

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

Writer’s Traits:
Word Choice

Careful word choice makes the meaning clear and the composition interesting to read. Word choice includes the components of:

Painting a picture with words

Choosing precise words

Energizing writing with strong verbs

Playing with words

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

Writer’s Traits:
Sentence Fluency

Sentence fluency is the rhythm and flow of language. Sentence fluency includes the components of:

Achieving a rhythmic flow

Constructing effective sentences

Varying sentence patterns

Breaking the rules

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

Writer’s Traits:
Conventions

The conventions are spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and grammar. This trait includes:

Spelling words conventionally

Paragraphing accurately

Punctuating effectively & capitalizing correctly

Applying Standard English grammar & usage rules

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

Writer’s Traits:
Presentation

Presentation focuses on making the final copy look good. Presentation includes the components of:

Adding text features

Arranging words & illustrations on the page

Using legible handwriting

Using word processing effectively

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

Reading & Writing are
Reciprocal Processes

Reading and writing are reciprocal, they’re both constructive, mean-making processes

Reading leads to better writing and writing has the same effect on reading.

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

Literacy Strategies

Reading and writing are complex processes involving strategies and skills.

Strategies are deliberate, goal-directed actions.

Skills are automatic actions that occur without deliberate control or conscious awareness.

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

Chapter 2 Review

Teachers use the reading process-prereading, reading, responding, exploring and applying to ensure that students comprehend the texts they read.

Teachers teach students how to use the writing process-prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing- to write and refine their compositions.

Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach, 7/e, Gail E. Tompkins.

Chapter 2 Review

Teachers teach students about the writer’s craft, including the 6 traits.

Teachers integrate reading and writing because they’re reciprocal meaning-making processes.

Teachers teach students to use strategies to organize, direct, and problem-solve as they read and write.