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How is your perspective affected by your race, class, or gender?
American Studies emphasizes the need to examine history and culture from a variety of perspectives. Because we often interpret events only through our own personal experience, it is important to consciously examine the lens through which we view the world. Take a couple of minutes to think about your own lens and describe its components. Choose one event from your life and describe how you would have perceived it differently had you interpreted it through a different lens. How is your perspective affected by your race, your class, or your gender?
Race, class, and gender greatly shape the experiences of many individuals as well as their perspectives. Related studies have been conducted to interpret this idea as interlocking categories of experience as they affect various aspects of life. Besides, it has an impact on one’s life and structuring the experiences of my life within society. Personally, I feel that race, gender, and class makes me feel more salient and meaningful as they provide an overlapping and cumulative as they all impact my experiences. Thinking rationally, I untangle these aspects of social systems which help shape the experiences about different groups which make me able to move beyond comparing gender oppression with race (Coates, 2015). Additionally, have been able to compare situations such as the oppression of gays and lesbians to the aspect of racial groups. Through this, I am able to recognize the systems of power which mark diverse groups experiences and how they possess the conceptual apparatus to think of changing the system instead of only documenting the impacts of each system on different people. Therefore, I have been able to understand how the structural patterns affect individual consciousness, group interaction as well the group access to the institutional power and privileges.
Q1. How does Coates describe/define “race”? There are some specific examples on pp. 7 if you are struggling to understand his perspective.
According to the article, Coates clarifies on the idea of race as a defined and indubitable feature of the natural world. Besides, the aspect of race precedes the notion of racism which is the need to ascribe bone-deep features to individuals and then humiliate, reduce, and destroy them as it inevitably follows this inalterable state. Through this, Coates notes that racism is the innocent daughter of mother nature as it leaves one to explore any phenomena cast beyond the hard work of men (Coates, 2015). However, he states the race is caused by racism but racism is not as a result of the race. Through racism which results in race distinctions, ‘new people’ are generated and isolated from the rest as they are termed different. The new individuals as just like a modern invention as their new titles have no realistic meanings divorced from their machinery of criminal abilities. Thus, the new people created as a result of race are different from their original selves.
Q2. Coates spends considerable time exploring “the black body” and how it is controlled and violated by dominant white culture. Take a couple of minutes to do a quick internet search on the individuals he names – Eric Garner, Renisha McBride, John Crawford, Tamir Rice, Marlene Pinnock, Michael Brown, and Trayvon Martin. What similarities do you find in their stories? What theme(s) would you use to characterize their experiences?
Exploring the ideas presented in “the black body” by Coates, he makes an address of the brutal killings and exploitations accorded to the non-whites in the nation. Reflecting on the cases of Eric Garner, Renisha McBride, John Crawford, Tamir Rice, Marlene Pinnock, Michael Brown, and Trayvon Martin, there are significant aspects which are common across all these cases. Of all these cases, black lives have been presented to be at the verge of perishing as a result of white people brutality. Besides, the theme of death runs throughout all these scenarios such as the case of police officer Darren Wilson Killing Michael Brown (Coates, 2015). Again, the black people stated in all these cases experienced discrimination simply because of their skin color which led to the formation of the ‘black lives matter’ initiative meant to protect the blacks. The white people's culture did not fully accept the existence of blacks as part of their contemporary society and this was the cause for such brutal killings. Therefore, I would use the aspect of death as a common aspect in characterizing all these cases of black people brutality in the hands of the whites.
Q3. Towards the end of the first section of the text (pp. 69-70), Coates makes the point that American slavery affected individual people. How would you characterize your historical education regarding slavery? Were you ever taught about the individual experience of enslaved people? Or were you presented with a more generalized version of American racial history? Hypothesize about the impact your historical awareness has on the way(s) that you perceive contemporary racial issues.
Slavery has been accustomed to being a leading cause of very many social issues which have an ultimate impact on individuals and the community as a whole. Reading articles about slavery helps one get a clear insight into the impacts of this social irregularity which leads to a divided society. Furthermore, the information presented about slavery was a specific study about the American racial occurrences. Slavery occurs directly to an individual and this as one id deterred from exercising their rights and freedoms in a given social context (Coates, 2015). As per the American history, both women and men were accustomed to slavery which led to great impacts on the socialization between individuals. Hypothesizing on the issue of slavery, it is clear that it leads to great negative results such as the creation of social class distinctions between people. The enslaved individuals are barred from practicing most of their rights in the society while their masters are the determinants of their fate.
Q4. Based on the mini-lecture, describe both the essential elements of the Myth of the Self-Made Man, as well as the main criticisms of it.
According to the mini-lecture, the main element of the myth of self-made man is capitalism. The claim is the capitalism makes opportunities available to all and all are responsible for their fate. Besides, the self-made man has other variant elements which include the idea of protestant work ethic. As per the protestant work ethic, it is mainly based on the hard work of any individual pursuing success. Additionally, there is the element of luck but as per the readings, luck is can only be earned by only those who deserve to get lucky. Besides, there is the idea of power mobility where one begins from the poor then climb the ladder to end rich where a good example is Abraham Lincoln (Saad Al, 2019). However, the critics of this include the idea that it focuses only on the self to the exclusion of context and community. Secondly, it assumes the social Darwinism as it is inherently better since is successful. Lastly, it is gendered and legitimizes greed and glorifies promotion.
Q5. Based on the mini-lecture, what are the six main components of Victorian Era masculinity? Be sure to describe each component fully.
As per the mini-lecture, the first component of Victorian Era masculinity was the idea of controlling passions so as to showcases aspects of emotions and being extreme. Secondly, one was expected to showcase a strong character meaning you would do what was honorable. One was also expected to exercise authority mainly over women, children, and employees. It was also necessary to protect and control where you were supposed to care for all those who were less powerful. The fifth component in his era was that of procreating and produce children and a family. The last component of Victorian Era masculinity was being able to provide responsibility financially. Hence, through the exhibition of these components, one was ultimately termed to be masculine and powerful.
Coates, T. N. (2015). Between the world and me. Text publishing. Retrieved from
https://www.mercerislandschools.org/cms/lib3/WA01001855/Centricity/Domain/640/ Ta-Nehisi%20Coates%20PDF.pdf
Saad Al, (2019). 3 1, Self-Made Man, Part I 1002. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/- vd_7QTJtlI
Saad Al, (2019). 3 2, Self-Made Man, Part II 823. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/utMOh-P- gQU
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1. Watch mini-lecture 3-1, Self-Made Man, Part I https://youtu.be/-vd_7QTJtlI
2. Watch mini-lecture 3-2, Self-Made Man, Part II https://youtu.be/utMOh-P-gQU
3. Read Coates’s Between the World and Me, Part I, pp. 1-71.
5. do the initial discussion post “ an essay “
6. do the second discussion. “ Each question must be answered with one paragraph as least 7-10 sentences “
· Initial discussion
How is your perspective affected by your race, class, or gender?
American Studies emphasizes the need to examine history and culture from a variety of perspectives. Because we often interpret events only through our own personal experience, it is important to consciously examine the lens through which we view the world. Take a couple of minutes to think about your own lens and describe its components. Choose one event from your life and describe how you would have perceived it differently had you interpreted it through a different lens. How is your perspective affected by your race, your class, or your gender?
· Second Discussion
Q1
How does Coates describe/define “race”? There are some specific examples on pp. 7 if you are struggling to understand his perspective.
Q2
Coates spends considerable time exploring “the black body” and how it is controlled and violated by dominant white culture. Take a couple of minutes to do a quick internet search on the individuals he names – Eric Garner, Renisha McBride, John Crawford, Tamir Rice, Marlene Pinnock, Michael Brown, and Trayvon Martin. What similarities do you find in their stories? What theme(s) would you use to characterize their experiences?
Q3
Towards the end of the first section of the text (pp. 69-70), Coates makes the point that American slavery affected individual people. How would you characterize your historical education regarding slavery? Were you ever taught about the individual experience of enslaved people? Or were you presented with a more generalized version of American racial history? Hypothesize about the impact your historical awareness has on the way(s) that you perceive contemporary racial issues.
Q4
Based on the mini-lecture, describe both the essential elements of the Myth of the Self-Made Man, as well as the main criticisms of it.
Q5
Based on the mini-lecture, what are the six main components of Victorian Era masculinity? Be sure to describe each component fully.
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Running head: CULT OF TRUE WOMANHOOD 1
CULT OF TRUE WOMEN 4
Cult of True Womanhood
Student`s Name
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Q1. Response
The cult of womanhood is the term that describes the prevailing value system among the upper and the middle classes during the 19th century in both the United States and the United Kingdom. They had four parts of ideology which are the cardinal values of submissiveness, piety, purity, and domesticity. Piety means that religion was valued because unlike intellectual pursuits they did not a woman from her proper sphere and controlled women`s longings.
Then purity, this is the virginity which is the greatest value for a woman and they were not to lose it till their marriage night. Submission, on the other hand, means that women were supposed to be submissive and obedient to their men as men were regarded as women`s superior appointed by God. Finally, there was domesticity in which means that a woman`s proper place was at home and had to create refugee for her husband and children.
Q2. Response
There are some groups that violated the doctrines of the cult of womanhood by giving justifications for their actions. For instance, the nurses justified by stating that they had serious issues pertaining to saving human lives in hospitals. Besides that, the nuns also used their involvement in religious activities by helping the people and using resources that they had to ensure that they help they make the lives of locals better.
Q3. Response
America has legal responsibility for the activities of its past. Coates is able to argue his case out because of the past events that took place in America. The blacks were seen as sub-humans, they were seen as not bother about the value of life for the blacks. This is clear when he states that it's a norm for the whites to destroy the blacks, this is as from the ancient times when blacks were dehumanized and made slaves in American states.
Q4. Response
Prince`s experience brings out the past and the present between the son and Coates in various ways. For instance, he says in the letter that "It’s normal in America to destroy the black body" which is heritage. This is shown from the past to the present that the life if blacks are still of less value in society. Besides that, he states how the country lost in the dream of how the blacks have to be treated both in the past and present, the police have the right to end the black’s life. However, there is also hope for the dreamers the letter is meant to awaken those that are asleep that they need to wake up, they have to be whites.
References
4 1, Cult of True Womanhood, Part I 805 [Video file]. (2019, May 31). Retrieved from https://youtu.be/LX5rYFMvfQg
4 2, Cult of True Womanhood, Part II 851 [Video file]. (2019, May 31). Retrieved from https://youtu.be/kvk3mUfdyaA
Books, W. (2016). Summary and Analysis of Between the World and Me: Based on the Book by Ta-Nehisi Coates. New York, NY: Open Road Media.
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Running header: NATIVES AND EUROPEANS 1
NATIVES AND EUROPEANS 4
Natives and Europeans
Student’s Name
Institution Affiliation
Natives and Europeans
Daniel K. Richer is a leading historian of the Native experience in British America and also a professor at the University of Pennsylvania; he looked at the Europeans from the west of the Indian country perspective. Because of the European experience, the result becomes vital to understand, and it is also important in its way since it I a reflection that is powerful on the nature of writing the history of an indigenous population. The book explains initial moments between the contact of native Americans and Europeans in the 16th century. The writer, Richter uses his intense critical perceptions to rebuild the contours of the communities that are indigenous.he goes ahead and examines changes in native’s material culture as a result of trading with the Europeans, and also close attention is paid to the demographic shocks which are s a result of the introduction of devastating pathogens.
Question One
Three examples of the impact of perspective that have a different impact on historical understanding include the following. Firstly, the impact of perspective on trade. Most of the trade activities followed the river lines; hence, they crisscrossed the continent. The Indians participated in trade with the Europeans. They exchanged a variety of good; for instance, they exchanged corn for the meet. They also had access to particularly valuable quarries where they took stones that were to make various stone tools and weapons which could be exchanged later with the Europeans. There was also long-distance trade that majored on exotic products such as marine shells and beads. The impact of perspective, in this case, is that Indians developed good relations with Americans through trade since they were able to trade with one another. Secondly, by the year 1492, Mississippian cities were declining because they were experiencing little ice age that greatly impacted agricultural activity negatively because of the change in the climate. It made the residents unable to grow and survive on crops as they used to do. Many people who depended on crops did not sustain themselves effectively, and thus, it led to poverty as a result. Thus the impact of perspective in this context is that the little ice age negatively affected these persons. Thirdly, it led to the loss in faith among the religious leaders for they pretended that they could control the forces that altered the growth of crops. People of Mississippi lost faith in these religious leaders; thus, they did not have a good relationship with them.
Question Two
Native people, according to Richter, came into contact with European things that they appreciated them. Firstly, native people came into contact with copper that was a very valued material that was fashioned, and it simplified an individual who had it as privileged, and their social status was viewed as high. Copper used to make a lot of items such as Jewellery, cutting implements, weapons, and iron goods that were exchanged with the native people. Secondly, the native people got in touch with beads from the Europeans. These beads were used for various purposes, such as making ornaments such as necklaces and bracelets. The beads were also used for various artworks. The natives exchanged several items for them to get beads since they valued them greatly. Thirdly, the native people got woolen blankets and that they replaced animal skin. The Europeans introduced these clothes and blankets to the native people who valued them.
Question Three
Native and European land had different views of land use, natives viewed land as a resource which could not in itself be owned any more than could the air or sea while the Europeans viewed land as a commodity that was itself inherently and irrevocable owned with all its resources. Also, natives often planted one type of crop on their lands while Europeans planted two to three types of plants on their farms. The impact of European settlement affected land in the following ways; the natives adopted the use of plow and sickle, unlike their use of a digging stick. Additionally, they adapted the growth of numerous crops on the farm to prevent specialized weeds and pests that attacked specific crops. Lastly, it led to the dependence of European trade(Sabo & Richter, 2010).
Reference
Sabo, G., & Richter, D. K., (2010). Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America. The Arkansas Historical Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.2307/40028036
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Running header: NATIVES AND EUROPEANS 1
Natives and Europeans
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to help you write the papar/Ritcher copy.docx
Running head: Ritcher’s chapter 6 1
Ritcher’s chapter 6 3
Ritcher’s chapter 6
Student’s name
Institutional affiliation
How race came to be a defining element of American identity
Race became a defining element of American identity, blacks and whites are the two major races that are present in the United States. Whites were the European colonialist who came to colonize the natives who were the Indians. The Europeans make the whites. The blacks came in as slaves from Africa and when slave trade was establishes they had already settled so they. The northern reo of America was known as Ohio country.
There were a lot of disputes concerning the land which took place in the 17th century that involved the Native American tribes with the Great Britain and France. Pontiac rebellion was also part of the rebellious group that fought in the place. In the long run the native won and Ohio became part of the United States. The Pontiac’s were helped by Paxton boys uprising movement fighting against the Indians so as to clean up the race in the United States
Ways in which native history was taken and used by Americans
During the creation of United States, the natives were considered semi-independent in a way and they lived in some sort of communities which were separate from the settlers. Federal government brought them to the laws of the land by signing treaties to recognize these native nations. All the natives were granted United States citizenship so as to make them part of the society. They are the sole source of the type of government running in the United States
Buffalo bill
He was an American hunter, scout and a showman. He was born in lowa and lived in Toronto for some years before going to the Midwest. His relevance in the American west was his buffalo bills world west he brought up the company and made it among the best in the united states, united kingdom and Europe at large
Carter, R. (2002). Buffalo Bill Cody. The Man Behind the Legend. Wiley. P.512. ISBN 978-0-07780-0.
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1. What is your earliest memory of the American West?
One of the most outstanding memories about the American West was about the completion of the railroads to the following civil war which opened up a vast number of places to settlement and economic development. During that time, white settlers from the East flocked into Mississippi for mining activities, farming, as well as ranching. Besides, African-Americans settlers also came into the West emanating from the Deep South who were motivated by the promoters of all-black Western towns that prosperity could be found there (White, 2015). Also, diversity was intensified by the Chinese railroad workers within the region’s population. It then led the settlement from the East turn to Great Plains were the herds of Americans bison in the area were virtually omitted from the place as farmers plowed the area as well as the growth of cattle industry as the railroad provided a practical means for getting the cattle to market.
2. From what sources did you learn about the West? This could be anything from school to stories to TV shows to personal experience.
I was able to learn about the American West from various publications and articles available in the libraries of the institution as well as commercial libraries. Besides, learning about the West was made simpler by the availability of a wide range of online materials of study related to the topic. The wide range of online source equips one with the appropriate information about the West in clear details. Besides, the comparison of these sources enables one to acquire all the relevant data about the West and its historical background with regard to the American identity. Again, West is vastly presented in films and TV shows were characters have enacted the events of the period.
3. As you think about your perception of the American West, what individuals populate that space? What kinds of events take place? Set the scene of your imagined American West.
Imaginatively, I tend to perceive that the American West is populated by some widely but inter-related individuals which would be as a result of the different interaction of the different individuals who migrated into the place. Having different races within the same geographical setting means that mixed social, economic and political events will be carried such as the rise of support groups including women empowerment associations. However, this factor leads to the eruption of newly invented activities which would be suitable for all the participants in the region which would traverse across all the races in the West. Therefore, it means that new cultures and events will be generated over time in the American West due to the socialization with variant individuals from different races and ethnic groups.
4. After you’ve drafted your post, read through it and identify at least two images, pictures, TV/movie clips, or soundtracks that embody your ideas of the American West and attach them to your post.
A representation of the diverse social events carried out by individuals in the American West. Retrieved from http://www.artnet.com/artists/ray-swanson/events
A photo showing the mixed races on the American West natives and immigrants participating in a common traveling circus. Retrieved from https://www.historynet.com/traveling-circus-american-spectacle-photographs.htm
References
White, R. (2015). It's your misfortune and none of my own: A new history of the American West. University of Oklahoma Press.
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Q1. Based on your reading of Richter’s Chapter 6, describe in detail how race came to be a defining element of American identity. For full credit, be sure to address Pontiac, Ohio Country, the Paxton Boys, and President Andrew Jackson.
According to Richter’s, when the British attempted to grasp eastern North America using the peace treaty signed in 1763, events began to turn bloody in the backcountry. The near-simultaneous rise of the nativist movement led by Pontiac of the Ohio Country and the barbarous attacks on Natives perpetrated by the Paxton Boys in Pennsylvania made 1763 a turning point in American history. From that moment on, Natives and colonists began increasingly to understand themselves as two fundamentally different groups of people (Richter, 2009). Eventually, this belief would crystallize in the doctrine of racial distinction hence the idea that the indigenous peoples of the Americas sprang from different origins than those of the Old World. More to the point, Richter’s argument traces President Andrew Jackson’s loathsome ethnic cleansing from the east to the Mississippi but does not follow this logic further by exploring what the indigenous peoples of modern-day Oklahoma and Kansas thought of the migrants who moved into their territory.
Q2. In the Epilogue, Richter explains that Native peoples were an integral part of the formation of the United States, but that the narrative of American identity required the removal of that reality. He offers a number of examples of “appropriation” – ways in which Native history was taken and used by White Americans. Choose at least two examples of this from the text to describe and explain, and then include at least one contemporary example of this “appropriation” in current American culture.
Richter offers various imaginative narrations of the American identity as it needed some removal of its reality. He presents the lives of seventeenth-century canonical figures such as the Virginia Algonquian Pocahontas which was prominently made famous by Captain John Smith. There was also the Mohawk Kateri who was described in details and made interesting to hear of by Pope John Paul II. Again, another appropriation made by Richter was that of the Wampanoag known to the English as “King Philip” who, as according to the traditional history, inspired the bloody war against Puritan New England (Richter, 2010). Richter convincingly argues that each of all of these sought cooperation rather than conflict, coexistence on shared regional patches of the ground rather than arms-length contact across distant frontiers. In the current American culture, individuals tend to appropriate the idea of making America great again by the administrative government of the present.
Q3. Based on the mini-lectures, who was Buffalo Bill? What were his background and experience?
Buffalo Bill Cody was one of the true legends of the American West. During his time, he was one of the most popular and well-known man alive. He was a huge celebrity was and still is vital due to his contributions at his time. He was responsible for the construction of the ideas and structures of the prominent Wild West. Besides, he carefully guarded and created the ways through which he was being portrayed in the vast number of distinctive images produced of him (Saad Al, 2019). He was born in 1846 and died in about 1917 where during his time, he was highly energetic and captivating individual where he served in various tasks such as being an actor, a writer, served as an army scout, pop culture hero, and a promoter.
Q4. Based on the mini-lectures, why did Buffalo Bill matter? What was his impact on thinking about the American West?
References
Richter, D. K. (2009). Facing east from Indian country: a native history of early America. Harvard University Press.
Richter, D. K., & Merrell, J. H. (Eds.). (2010). Beyond the Covenant Chain: The Iroquois and Their Neighbors in Indian North America, 1600-1800. Penn State Press.
Saad Al, (2019). 2 1, Buffalo Bill, Part I 436. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/u3Bd7NhgdnY
Saad Al, (2019). 2 2, Buffalo Bill, Part I 436. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/Yn2uY47pVtY
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Ways in which the past affects the present
Ways in which the past affects the present and future has been a subject of discussion among psychologists for a long period. Experts agree that the past experiences have the ability to shape the present feelings and behaviour of an individual or a group of people. Documented historical events and childhood experiences affects the manner in which people think, act and interact with each other. Past experiences are carried and stored by the human brain through memories hence the past, the present and the future are interlinked by memories. Although how the memory works is a complex subject, it is true that memories are heavily influenced by feelings triggered by a certain experience that surrounds an event or happenings. Past experience can influence the present both positively and negatively. Daniel Kahneman, Nobel Prize winner psychologist says that the same brain processes people use to remember their past can as well help them plan for the future and imagine different possible scenarios. A wonderful passed experience can make one feel good (Wildschut et al., 2006). In most cases memories common to a community of people have the ability to affect their cultural and social life.
The past forms a guide to the decision of what to do or what not to do and in most cases this influence is difficult to ignore when making decisions. The past fundamentally affects the future because it is what the future is built on. Peoples present can take different dimensions depending on the past. Present decision can either be a form of recreating the past and following the way it has been done previously, or branching from the past from the past and making a whole new beginning or the present decision can take the form of revenge to the past and whoever caused it.
Contemporary American culture is largely influenced by the past events. Even after many years of slavery abolishment. Today, Americans of African origin have tended to develop certain feelings whenever the subject of slavery arises. This continues to affect the manner in which they relate to the whites. American writers of black origin still bring out the theme of slavery in their works some of which contain the concepts of humiliations and the injustices that their fore fathers went through
Work cited
Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., Arndt, J., & Routledge, C. (2006). Nostalgia: Content, Triggers, Functions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(5), 975–993. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.91.5.975
Wilson, A. E., & Ross, M. (2003). The identity function of autobiographical memory: Time is on our side. Memory, 11(2), 137–149. doi: 10.1080/741938210.
Richter, D. K. (2009). Facing east from Indian country: a native history of early America Harvard University Press