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Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP)

Toddler

Erickson’s Developmental Stage:

Preschool-Aged

Erickson’s Developmental Stage:

School-Aged

Erickson’s Developmental Stage:

Pattern of Health Perception and Health Management:

List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group.

List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group.

Toddlers depend on their parents for health management.

They identify with parents and other important role models, internalizing a wide range of lifestyle attributes.

They can verbally tell an adult they are in pain.

They begin to know their external body parts….

They understand what health is all about and its importance. They know when they are ill.

They know how their body works.

They are exposed to environmental hazards.

They are exposed to dental problems if their teeth are not taken care of.

They are exposed to infection if they are not properly immunized.

They feel like target if they are relatively small.

They begin to ignore their hygiene.

They begin to copy their parents if they are practicing poor health hygiene.

Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern:

List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group.

List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group.

They learn to feed themselves using bottles.

They begin to eat finger foods.

At this stage, they should establish healthful nutritional and physical activity behaviors.

They may enjoy helping family cook meals.

They need a well-balanced diet.

They need an average of 1200 to 1800 calories per day.

They are exposed to dental problems if they are allowed to go to bed with bottles containing milk or juice.

They are exposed to choking because at this time they begin to eat finger foods.

Signs of Obesity and underweight begins at this stage.

They prefer to eat away from home, a lot of junk food.

They are prone to obesity and anorexia.

Eating more fast food can lead to obesity.

Pattern of Elimination:

List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group.

List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group.

Toilet training begins at this stage.

Emotional and physical readiness for toilet training rarely begins before 18 months of age.

They are capable of independent toileting.

They might forget to flush toilet after use or wash their hands.

They have full bowel and bladder control by age 5. They also begin to dress alone, wash hands, use toilets and flush after use.

Bowel and bladder patterns are similar to adults with urination occurring 6 to 8 times and bowel movements averaging 1 or 2 times a day.

There will be frustration if parents rush their toddlers.

There will be times the toddler sill fail but parents need to approach this in a relaxed and calm attitude accepting delays and frustrations.

They are exposed to bullying if they not toilet trained.

They can forget to wash hands and flush toilet after use.

Wetting their beds after age 4 could be a problem.

Voluntary and involuntary passing of stool into child’s pant after age 4.

Constipation makes the child to hold their bowel movements to prevent further pain and this can lead to fecal impaction.

Pattern of Activity and Exercise:

List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group.

List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group.

Toddlers are always busy, they build up and destroy. They practice their new skills.

They learn how to dress themselves and advance from taking first steps to running, climbing stairs and riding tricycles.

Play remains their primary activity.

They explore and demonstrate increased coordination of motor activity. They begin to go out and play with other kids and socialize.

They are very active and physical. They begin to play in sports.

Physical activity is an important aspect of health.

They are at more risks for injury.

They are exposed to environmental injuries like swallowing poison and drowning.

Children this age that play alone, are at risk of having social problems later on in life.

They could have decrease in level of learning if they continue to watch shows that are not educational.

They want to watch television and play games all day.

They begin to sit and eat junk food all day and this can lead to obesity.

Cognitive/Perceptual Pattern:

List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group.

List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group.

They learn their body parts, they begin to take note of their body parts like ears, nose, mouth etc.

They begin to understand objects.

They ask lots of questions and can communicate.

Their play begins to relate more about real life events.

They understand people’s feelings.

They are able to tell the difference between right and wrong.

They are also at risk for injury.

Children of uneducated parents may have developmental problems especially if they are not educated about psychosocial development.

Bad memory skills due to the amount of new things they learn every day.

They begin to have imaginary friend.

Some kids lack capabilities that are needed.

Some have difficulties in speaking, writing and reading. If not taken care of, it could lead to low self-esteem.

Pattern of Sleep and Rest:

List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group.

List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group.

They are highly involved in activities and may not be aware of fatigue.

They have a nap and bedtime ritual.

Naps are not necessary for preschoolers.

Reading books helps them transition from playing to bedtime.

They usually don’t need naps.

Sleep may become difficult for them.

Night time terrors begins at this stage.

They could end up with health problems if they sleep more than 12 hours.

Nightmares are common at this stage.

Some are unable to sleep and this leads to less activity during the day.

Night terrors, Sleepwalking and sleep talking occurs at this stage.

Caregivers need to make sure these kids are safe at night because of the possibility of hurting themselves during sleepwalking.

Pattern of Self-Perception and Self-Concept:

List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group.

List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group.

Toddlers at this stage respond to their name, walk and be able to feed themselves.

Toddler’s thoughts are basically from what they see and hear.

Social acceptance makes the child feel more successful.

They begin to like what they wear so they dress themselves.

They create and build their own personalities.

Good self-esteem is important at this stage. Acceptance by a peer contributes to the feeling of self-worth.

There might be sensory problems if they don’t respond to their names.

They begin to throw tantrums because they learn they are more powerful.

They don’t like criticism.

They start to get embarrassed by their actions.

Children with disability worry about what their peers think of them.

They could have bad hygiene.

Role-Relationship Pattern:

List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group.

List 2 potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group.

They begin to fear people that are not part of their everyday activity.

They begin to like what adults do.

They begin to care for loved ones.

They begin to understand what job different gender does.

They begin to move out of the family circle, they make more friends from school.

They begin to understand their role in the family.

The toddler may like one parent than the other.

Sibling rivalry begins at this stage.

They easily learn from adults and might not be appropriate for kids age.

Some will rather play themselves. But parents should make sure it’s not a developmental problem.

They are at risk of problems later in life if their activities are not controlled by parents.

They sometimes begin to enjoy spending time with friends and not spend time with the family.

Sexuality – Reproductive Pattern:

List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group.

List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group.

Masturbation is normal in this stage. It is part of exploring their body parts.

They become curious about their body parts.

They recognize there are two genders and identify their own gender.

They will have a curiosity about the opposite gender.

They begin to have awareness of body and its function and the need for sexual identity.

They begin to learn about gender.

They could be exposed to sexual abuse.

They could have medical issues that needs to be taken care of.

Parents should be there to give sex education when they ask anything about sex.

Some do not play with the right toys and should be informed on social sexual behaviors.

Some begin to seek sexual attention by wearing more revealing cloths.

Challenges on roles and genders.

Pattern of Coping and Stress Tolerance:

List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group.

List wo potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group.

Toddlers may throw tantrums or hold on tight to their parents because of fear.

Their temperament serves as a foundation of coping.

They begin to use doll or puppet play which provides sense of acceptance and competence.

They also engage in mutual storytelling. The nurse begins the story and allows the child to finish.

They learn to identify symptoms of stress and ways to cope with stress.

They face many stressful experiences including competition, meeting of homework deadline etc.

It is difficult to control toddlers with less temperament when they grow up.

Parents could have a feeling of failure when children act this way.

They show regressive attitudes towards their caregivers if they do not want to follow directions.

They begin to daydream and seem withdrawal from the world.

Death, grief or parental divorce can cause anxiety or depression.

Homework, competition and family issues can increase the amount of stress.

Pattern of Value and Beliefs:

List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group.

List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group.

They begin to participate in and imitate family religious rituals.

They seek positive feedback from parents.

They lack fully developed consciences. They express their values by stating who they want to be when they become adult.

They attend churches and learn from their parents

They become largely influenced by religious and cultural values.

They become aware of what is wrong or right.

Good behavior need to be rewarded by parents.

Many parents only attend to their toddlers if they are being bad.

Bad shows can have negative effects on them.

They begin to act out in public.

Some children are very disrespectful.

They begin to lie.