Assignment 2/ World Civilization
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Those who followed the Safavid Order, originally a Sufi military brotherhood, came from various clans and groups ,and hence were not associated with one particular ethnicity. However, given the location of Ardabil, where the order was founded, many were likely Turkic.
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You can use this map to get a sense of the extent of Safavid expansion (notice the Oxus river or Amu Darya between Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan)
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Notice the Ottoman Cannons in top right corner. The Ottoman use of gunpowder weapons helped tip the balance of power in their favor. Safavids had yet to adopt firearms.
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At least one scholar (William Cleveland) claims that by Ismail’s death the transition had begun from a tribal military regime to an absolutist bureaucratic empire, I think it is better to leave it as an open question. Mostly because the Qizilibash tribal leaders always remained powerful and preserved freedom of action. This spelled trouble when the shah was not a very strong one.
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Follow link here to a primary source report: http://www.lasalle.edu/~mcinneshin/356/wk06/safasilk.htm
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The decision to divert funds away from the standing army would have long term disastrous consequences. At least one of the Safavid Shahs after Abbas the Great supposedly diverted the funds meant for the army to build himself a new palace! In the absence of a strong army, the authority of the crown would once again be eroded. The Qizilbash tribal leaders began to reassert their own authority at the expense of the Shah’s in the countryside, while external power expanded their zones of influence into what had been the Safavids back yard.
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This map shows the Safavid Empire at its greatest extent as well as the areas that were contested by the Ottoman and the Uzbeks.
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