Assignment 2/ World Civilization
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BRAUN & HOGENBERG, CIVITATES ORBIS TERRARUM (CA. 1572) A detail from a 16th‐century view of Venice shows the arrival of both lateen‐ and square‐rigged ships. The presence of both lateen and square rigged ships is significant because it shows the presence of traders from the East and West. The lateen sail was widely used in the Arab and Muslim world (credited as an Arab innovation that would later be adapted in the West) and demonstrates Venice’s place as in international trading hub. This made Venice very wealthy (same went for Genoa and Florence to certain degrees .) This interaction with the East also allowed Venice access to the Arabic text that preserved and improved upon the classical knowledge. It should also be noted that the Venetians were expert shipbuilders and their yards produced some of the most powerful galleons of the time making Venice a naval power to be reckoned with in the 15th and into the 16th century. Should you wish to do so the electronic address below will take you to an issue of Saudi Aramco World (magazine) featuring an article on “East Meets the West In Venice” where you will find more information on 16th century Venice and its place in the world. http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/200802/east.meets.west.in.venice.htm
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View of Genoa and its harbor, Painting by Cristoforo Grassi (1565‐1598), Italy, 15th‐16th century View of Genoa and its harbour, painting by Cristoforo Grassi (1565‐1598). Italy, 15th‐16th century. Genoa was a major trading hub, especially in the 14th century. Notice the number and variety of ships in this image. Genoa, would also emerge as the leading manufacturer of silk in Europe by the 16th century. Its sailors also earned great renown. The most famous of those of course being Christopher Columbus. Although by the 15th century Genoa’s independent power had faded, it forged an alliance with the emerging Spanish power that allowed it to economically recover in the 16th century, even if it did not return to the glory it had in the 14th century.
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Of course the Renaissance also saw an increase in scientific activity and the development of the concept of scientific methods. That echoes back to the idea of reasoning and empirical evidence as components of understanding and discovery. Mathematics became increasingly important and new works in astronomy, physics, biology, and anatomy came about under the aegis of this new empirically driven and reason guided methodology. We have as proof of this the works of great minds such as Copernicus and Galileo.
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Based on the work of the Roman architect Vitruvius who sought to describe the perfectly proportioned human figure
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